Popanga zotengera zokakamiza, pamene kuwotcherera kwamadzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera kotalikirana kwa silinda, ming'alu (yomwe imatchedwanso kuti ming'alu yama terminal) nthawi zambiri imachitika kumapeto kapena kumapeto kwa chowotcherera chotalikirapo.
Anthu ambiri achita kafukufuku pa izi, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa chachikulu cha ming'alu yama terminal ndi chakuti pamene kuwotcherera arc kuli pafupi ndi malo otsetsereka a longitudinal weld, weld amakula ndi kupunduka kumbali ya axial, ndipo amatsagana ndi kukangana kozungulira. mayendedwe ofukula ndi axial.kutsegula mapindikidwe;
Thupi la silinda limakhalanso ndi ntchito yoziziritsa yowumitsa kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika kwa msonkhano pakugubuduza, kupanga ndi kusonkhanitsa;panthawi yowotcherera, chifukwa choletsa chowotcherera poyimitsa ma terminal ndi mbale ya arc, kutambasula kwakukulu kumapangidwa kumapeto kwa kupsinjika kwa weld;
Pamene arc ikupita kumalo osungira malo otsetsereka ndi mbale yowonongeka ya arc, chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha ndi kusinthika kwa gawoli, kupanikizika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa weld terminal kumamasuka, ndipo mphamvu yomangiriza imachepetsedwa, kotero kuti zitsulo zowotcherera zimangokhala. olimba pa weld terminal Ming'alu yama terminal imapangidwa ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu.
Kutengera kuwunika kwazifukwa zomwe zili pamwambazi, njira ziwiri zotsutsana nazo zikuperekedwa:
Chimodzi ndikuwonjezera m'lifupi mwa mbale ya arc kuti muwonjezere mphamvu yomangiriza;
Yachiwiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito slotted elastic restraint arc strike plate.
Komabe, mutatenga njira zomwe zili pamwambazi, vutoli silinathetsedwe bwino:
Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale zotanuka zoletsa arc kugunda mbale ntchito, ming'alu otsiriza wa longitudinal kuwotcherera zidzachitikabe, ndipo ming'alu otsiriza kumachitika pamene kuwotcherera yamphamvu ndi ang'onoang'ono makulidwe, otsika okhazikika ndi kukakamiza msonkhano;
Komabe, pamene pali mankhwala mayeso mbale mu anatambasula mbali ya longitudinal kuwotcherera ya yamphamvu, ngakhale kuwotcherera tack ndi zinthu zina n'zofanana ndi pamene palibe mbale mayeso mankhwala, pali ming'alu ochepa osachiritsika mu longitudinal msoko.
Pambuyo mayesero mobwerezabwereza ndi kusanthula, anapeza kuti zimachitika ming'alu kumapeto kwa msoko longitudinal si okhudzana ndi kusalephereka lalikulu kukankha maganizo pamapeto weld, komanso zokhudzana ndi zifukwa zina zingapo zofunika kwambiri.
Choyamba.Kusanthula zomwe zimayambitsa ming'alu yama terminal
1. Kusintha kwa kutentha kwa gawo la weld
Pa kuwotcherera arc, pamene kuwotcherera kutentha gwero lili pafupi ndi mapeto a longitudinal kuwotcherera, yachibadwa kutentha kumunda kumapeto kwa weld adzasintha, ndipo kuyandikira ndi mapeto, ndi kusintha kwakukulu.
Chifukwa kukula kwa mbale ya arc ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa ya silinda, kutentha kwake kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, ndipo kugwirizana pakati pa mbale ya arc ndi silinda ndi yowotcherera, kotero ikhoza kuonedwa ngati yosapitirira. .
Chifukwa chake, kutentha kwa kutentha kwa terminal weld kumakhala koyipa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa m'deralo kukwera, mawonekedwe a dziwe losungunuka amasintha, komanso kuya kwake kumawonjezeka moyenerera.Liwiro lolimba la dziwe losungunuka limachedwerapo, makamaka ngati kukula kwa mbale ya arc ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ndipo chowotcherera pakati pa mbale ya arc ndi silinda ndi yayifupi komanso yoonda kwambiri.
2. Mphamvu yolowera kutentha kwa kuwotcherera
Popeza kuwotcherera kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera arc pansi pamadzi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa njira zina zowotcherera, kuzama kolowera kumakhala kwakukulu, kuchuluka kwa chitsulo choyikidwa ndikwambiri, ndipo kumakutidwa ndi kusanjikiza kwamadzi, kotero dziwe losungunuka ndi lalikulu komanso kulimbitsa liwiro la dziwe losungunuka ndi lalikulu.Kuzizira kwa msoko wowotcherera ndi msoko wowotcherera ndi wocheperako kuposa njira zina zowotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njere zowotcherera komanso kugawanikana kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yopangira ming'alu yotentha.
Komanso, shrinkage ofananira nawo wa kuwotcherera ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kuposa kutsegula kwa kusiyana, kotero kuti ofananira nawo amakokedwe mphamvu ya gawo terminal ndi yaikulu kuposa njira kuwotcherera ena.Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa mbale zopindika zapakati komanso mbale zocheperako zosapindika.
3. Zochitika zina
Ngati pali msonkhano wokakamizika, khalidwe la msonkhano silikugwirizana ndi zofunikira, zomwe zili ndi zonyansa monga S ndi P muzitsulo zoyambira ndizokwera kwambiri ndipo tsankho lidzayambitsanso ming'alu.
Chachiwiri, chikhalidwe cha terminal crack
ming'alu potsiriza ndi matenthedwe ming'alu malinga ndi chikhalidwe chawo, ndi ming'alu matenthedwe akhoza kugawidwa mu crystallization ming'alu ndi sub-olimba gawo ming'alu malinga ndi siteji ya mapangidwe awo.Ngakhale kuti mbali yomwe ming'alu imapangidwira nthawi zina imakhala yothera, nthawi zina imakhala mkati mwa 150mm kuchokera kumadera ozungulira malo osungiramo, nthawi zina imakhala yophulika, ndipo nthawi zina imakhala yamkati, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ming'alu yamkati yomwe. zimachitika mozungulira terminal.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti mawonekedwe a terminal crack kwenikweni ndi a sub-solid phase crack, ndiye kuti, pomwe chowotcherera chikadali chamadzimadzi, ngakhale dziwe losungunuka lomwe lili pafupi ndi terminal lalimba, likadali pakatikati. kutentha kwakukulu pang'ono pansi pa mzere wa solidus Zero-mphamvu, ming'alu imapangidwa pansi pa zovuta zowotcherera (makamaka kupsinjika kwamphamvu) pa terminal,
Kuyika pamwamba pa weld pafupi ndi pamwamba kumakhala kosavuta kutulutsa kutentha, kutentha kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kumakhala kale ndi mphamvu inayake komanso pulasitiki yabwino kwambiri, kotero kuti ming'alu yotsiriza imakhalapo mkati mwa weld ndipo sangapezeke ndi maso.
Chachitatu.Njira zopewera ming'alu yama terminal
Kuchokera pazomwe zili pamwambapa zomwe zimayambitsa ming'alu yama terminal, zitha kuwoneka kuti njira zofunika kwambiri zothanirana ndi ming'alu yotsekeka ya arc welding longitudinal seams ndi:
1. Wonjezerani moyenerera kukula kwa mbale ya arc strike
Nthawi zambiri anthu sadziwa mokwanira kufunika kwa mbale ya arc strike, poganiza kuti ntchito ya arc strike plate ndiyo kungotulutsa arc crater kunja kwa weld pamene arc yatsekedwa.Pofuna kupulumutsa zitsulo, ena omenyera arc amapangidwa ochepa kwambiri ndipo amakhala "arc strikers" enieni.Makhalidwe amenewa ndi olakwika kwambiri.Plate ya arc strike ili ndi ntchito zinayi:
(1) Atsogolereni gawo losweka la chowotcherera pamene arc yayambika ndi arc crater pamene arc imayimitsidwa kunja kwa chowotcherera.
(2) Limbikitsani kuchuluka kwa kudziletsa pagawo lomaliza la msoko wamtali, ndikunyamula kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kumapangidwa pagawo lomaliza.
(3) Sinthani kutentha kwa gawo la terminal, lomwe limathandizira kuwongolera kutentha ndipo sizimapangitsa kutentha kwa gawo la terminal kukhala lokwera kwambiri.
(4) Limbikitsani kugawa kwa maginito pagawo la terminal ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa maginito.
Kuti mukwaniritse zolinga zinayi zomwe zili pamwambazi, mbale ya arc imayenera kukhala ndi kukula kokwanira, makulidwe ake akhale ofanana ndi kutenthetsa, ndipo kukula kwake kumadalira kukula kwa weldment ndi makulidwe a mbale yachitsulo.Kwa ziwiya zothamanga kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kutalika ndi m'lifupi zisakhale zosachepera 140mm.
2. Samalani ndi kusonkhana ndi kuwotcherera kwa mbale ya arc
Kuwotchera kwa tack pakati pa mbale ya arc ndi silinda kuyenera kukhala ndi kutalika ndi makulidwe okwanira.Nthawi zambiri, kutalika ndi makulidwe a weld wowotcherera sayenera kuchepera 80% ya m'lifupi ndi makulidwe a mbale ya arc, ndipo kuwotcherera mosalekeza kumafunika.Sizingangokhala "mawanga" welded.Pambali zonse za msoko wautali, makulidwe a weld okwanira ayenera kutsimikizika pa mbale zapakati ndi wandiweyani, ndipo poyambira kuyenera kutsegulidwa ngati kuli kofunikira.
3. Samalani ndi kuyika kuwotcherera kwa gawo lomaliza la silinda
Pa kuwotcherera kwachitsulo pambuyo pozungulira silinda, kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa kudziletsa kumapeto kwa msoko wotalika, kutalika kwa nsonga yowotcherera kumapeto kwa msoko wotalika sikuyenera kukhala osachepera 100mm, ndipo payenera kukhala. makulidwe okwanira a weld, ndipo pasakhale ming'alu, Zofooka monga kupanda maphatikizidwe.
4. Yang'anirani mwamphamvu zowotcherera kutentha
Panthawi yowotcherera zotengera zokakamiza, kutentha kwa kuwotcherera kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa.Izi sikuti kuonetsetsa makina katundu welded olowa, komanso mbali yofunika kwambiri kuteteza ming'alu.Kukula kwa kumizidwa arc kuwotcherera pakali pano ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa tilinazo wa mng'alu terminal, chifukwa kukula kwa kuwotcherera panopa mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi kumunda kutentha ndi kuwotcherera athandizira kutentha.
5. Yang'anirani mosamalitsa mawonekedwe a dziwe losungunuka ndi weld shape coefficient
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a dziwe la weld mu kuwotcherera kwa arc pansi pamadzi ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi kuthekera kwa ming'alu yowotcherera.Chifukwa chake, kukula, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a dziwe la weld ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa.
Zinayi.Mapeto
Ndizofala kwambiri kupanga ming'alu yotalikirapo yamsoko pomwe kuwotcherera kwa arc pansi pamadzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera msoko wautali wa silinda, ndipo sikunathetsedwe bwino kwa zaka zambiri.Kupyolera mu mayeso ndi kusanthula, chifukwa chachikulu ming'alu kumapeto kwa kumizidwa arc kuwotcherera longitudinal msoko ndi chifukwa cha zochita olowa wa kupsinjika maganizo lalikulu ndi munda wapadera kutentha mu gawo ili.
Yesetsani watsimikizira kuti miyeso monga moyenerera kuonjezera kukula kwa arc kugunda mbale, kulimbikitsa ulamuliro khalidwe la kuwotcherera tack, ndi mosamalitsa kulamulira kuwotcherera athandizira kutentha ndi mawonekedwe a weld angathe kuteteza mosavuta zimachitika ming'alu kumapeto kwa kumizidwa. kuwotcherera arc.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-01-2023
