Zomwe owotcherera ayenera kudziwa Kusanthula kwa Macroscopic kwa zolakwika za weld

Zofunikira zamtundu wama welded, zinthu zowotcherera, ndi zolumikizira zowotcherera zili ndi mbali zambiri. Zimaphatikizapo zofunikira zamkati monga ntchito limodzi ndi bungwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo, sipayenera kukhala chilema mu maonekedwe, mawonekedwe, kukula molondola, weld msoko mapangidwe, pamwamba ndi zolakwika mkati. Kuti muwazindikire posachedwa, Kuthetsa mavuto, kusanthula kwa macroscopic nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba, kutsatiridwa ndi kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa microscopic ngati kuli kofunikira.

Chofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika kwa ma macro ndikuwunika zolakwika pazolumikizana zowotcherera. Makamaka ntchito otsika kukulitsa dongosolo kusanthula njira ya microscope metallographic, zolakwika mkati opangidwa ndi olowa olowa amawunikiridwa kudzera metallographic otsika magnification, ndi zifukwa za zolakwika anatsimikiza ndi mkulu-magnification microstructure kusanthula, ndi njira kupewa ndi kuchotsa kumapezeka kuti kumapangitsanso ubwino wa zolumikizira zowotcherera. khalidwe.

Mwa sampuli, akupera, etching ndi kujambula otsika-magnification kujambula, tingathe momveka bwino ndi mwachilengedwe fufuzani zofooka zazikulu za welded mfundo, ndipo pamodzi ndi mfundo lolingana kuwotcherera, tikhoza kuweruza ngati ndondomeko kuwotcherera, kuwotcherera ogwira ntchito, ndi nyumba kuwotcherera akhoza kukumana. zofunika zofunika. Zofunikira.

Malinga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe achilema, zolakwika za weld macro zitha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:

1. Stomata

Panthawi ya crystallization ya dziwe lowotcherera, mpweya wina ukhoza kukhalabe mu galasi lotsekemera kuti upange pores chifukwa alibe nthawi yothawa.

Porosity ndi vuto lofala pamalumikizidwe owotcherera. Porosity sichimangowoneka pamwamba pa weld, komanso nthawi zambiri imawonekera mkati mwa weld. Sikophweka kuzindikira ndi njira zosavuta panthawi yopanga kuwotcherera, zomwe zingawononge kwambiri.

Ma pores omwe amapezeka mkati mwa weld amatchedwa ma pores amkati, ndipo ma pores omwe amatseguka kunja amatchedwa ma pores.

2. Slag kuphatikiza
Kuphatikizika kwa slag ndi slag yosungunuka kapena zinthu zina zopanda zitsulo mu weld, zomwe ndi vuto lofala mu weld.

Powotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito waya wachitsulo wodzaza ndi flux, monga kuwotcherera arc pansi pamadzi, fumbi limakhala losalala chifukwa chosakhazikika bwino, kapena mu njira yowotcherera ya CO2 popanda flux, mankhwala otulutsa deoxidation amatulutsa slag, yomwe imakhalabe mkati mwa zitsulo zosanjikiza zambiri. Ikhoza kupanga slag inclusions.

3. Kulowa kosakwanira ndi kuphatikizika
Kulowa kosakwanira kumatanthawuza gawo lomwe latsala pamizu ya olowa lomwe silinalowedwe kwathunthu pakuwotcherera.

Kupanda fusion ndi vuto wamba. Amatanthauza kusiyana kotsalira komweko pakati pa chitsulo chosungunula ndi zitsulo zoyambira m'munsi kapena pakati pa mikanda yoyandikana nayo ndi zigawo zowotcherera. Chitsulo choyambira ndi chitsulo choyambira sichisungunuka kwathunthu ndikuphatikizidwa pakuwotcherera malo. Ena amatchedwa osaphatikizidwa.

Zida zowotcherera za Xinfa zili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso otsika mtengo. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, chonde pitani: Welding & Cutting Manufacturers - China Welding & Cutting Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)

4. Ming'alu
Kuwotcherera ming'alu amagawidwa m'ming'alu yotentha (ming'alu ya kristalo, ming'alu yotentha kwambiri ya liquefaction, ming'alu ya polygonal), ming'alu yozizira (ming'alu yochedwa, ming'alu yolimba ya embrittlement, ming'alu yapulasitiki yochepa), kutenthetsanso ming'alu, ndi misozi ya lamellar malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi zomwe zimayambitsa. Crack etc.

5. Undercut
Undercut nthawi zina amatchedwa undercut. Ndi groove yomwe imakhala yotsika kuposa pamwamba pa chitsulo chapansi pa chala chowotcherera chifukwa chitsulo choyikidwa sichimaphimba kwathunthu gawo losungunuka la chitsulo choyambira panthawi yowotcherera. Ndi chifukwa cha kuwotcherera arc kusungunula m'mphepete mwa kuwotcherera. Mpata wosiyidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula kuchokera ku ndodo yowotcherera simawonjezeredwa.

Njira yolowera pansi yomwe ili yakuya kwambiri imatha kufooketsa mphamvu ya olowa ndipo ingayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kake.

6. Zolakwika zina
Kuphatikiza pa zolakwika zomwe tazitchulazi, zolakwika zomwe zimachitika pama welds zimaphatikizira kumasuka, kutsekereza kuzizira, kuwotcha, ma weld nodules, shrinkage cavities, maenje, sag, kukula kwa mwendo wa weld, concavity / convexity mopitilira muyeso, ndi ngodya yolakwika ya weld toe. dikirani.