Mkulu wa carbon zitsulo amatanthauza mpweya zitsulo ndi w (C) apamwamba kuposa 0.6%.Amakhala ndi chizoloŵezi cholimba kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zamkati za carbon ndi kupanga carbon martensite yapamwamba, yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri pakupanga ming'alu yozizira.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mapangidwe a martensite omwe amapangidwa m'madera omwe amawotchera kutentha ndi ovuta komanso osasunthika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pulasitiki ndi kulimba kwa mgwirizanowo kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.Choncho, weldability wa mkulu-mpweya zitsulo ndi osauka ndithu, ndi njira kuwotcherera wapadera ayenera anatengera kuonetsetsa ntchito olowa..Choncho, kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri muzitsulo zowotcherera.Chitsulo chokwera kwambiri cha kaboni chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamakina omwe amafunikira kulimba kwambiri komanso kukana kuvala, monga mazenera ozungulira, magiya akulu ndi ma couplings [1].Pofuna kupulumutsa zitsulo ndi kuphweka ukadaulo wokonza, mbali zamakinazi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi zida zowotcherera.Pakupanga makina olemera, zovuta zowotcherera zamagulu apamwamba azitsulo za kaboni amakumananso.Popanga njira yowotcherera yowotcherera zitsulo za carbon zitsulo, zolakwika zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingatheke ziyenera kufufuzidwa mozama ndipo njira zofananira nazo ziyenera kutengedwa.
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1 Weldability wa mkulu carbon zitsulo
1.1 Njira yowotcherera
Mpweya wa carbon zitsulo umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazinyumba zomwe zimakhala zolimba kwambiri komanso kukana kuvala kwambiri, kotero njira zazikulu zowotcherera ndi electrode arc kuwotcherera, brazing ndi kuwotcherera arc pansi pamadzi.
1.2 Zida zowotcherera
Kuwotcherera kwachitsulo cha carbon nthawi zambiri sikufuna mphamvu zofanana pakati pa olowa ndi zitsulo zoyambira.Powotcherera arc, ma elekitirodi otsika a haidrojeni okhala ndi mphamvu zochotsa sulfure, ma haidrojeni otsika kwambiri muzitsulo zoyikidwa, komanso kulimba kwabwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Pamene mphamvu ya chitsulo chowotcherera ndi chitsulo choyambira chikuyenera kukhala chofanana, ndodo yochepetsetsa ya haidrojeni ya kalasi yoyenera iyenera kusankhidwa;pamene mphamvu ya chitsulo chowotcherera ndi chitsulo choyambira sichifunikira, ndodo yochepetsetsa ya haidrojeni yokhala ndi mphamvu yochepa kuposa yazitsulo zoyambira iyenera kusankhidwa.Kumbukirani ndodo zowotcherera zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa zitsulo zoyambira sizingasankhidwe.Ngati zitsulo zoyambira siziloledwa kutenthedwa panthawi yowotcherera, pofuna kupewa ming'alu yozizira m'madera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, ma electrode a austenitic zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza mawonekedwe a austenitic okhala ndi pulasitiki wabwino komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwa ming'alu.
1.3 Kukonzekera kwa bevel
Pofuna kuchepetsa gawo lalikulu la kaboni muzitsulo zowotcherera, chiŵerengero cha maphatikizidwe chiyenera kuchepetsedwa, kotero kuti ma groove ooneka ngati U kapena V amagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera, ndipo chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuyeretsa poyambira ndi madontho amafuta, dzimbiri, etc. mkati mwa 20mm mbali zonse za poyambira.
1.4 Kutentha koyambirira
Mukawotcherera ndi maelekitirodi achitsulo, iyenera kutenthedwa isanawotchedwe, ndipo kutentha kwa preheating kumayendetsedwa pakati pa 250 ° C ndi 350 ° C.
1.5 Interlayer processing
Pamene kuwotcherera zigawo zingapo ndi maulendo angapo, electrode yaing'ono yaing'ono ndi magetsi otsika amagwiritsidwa ntchito podutsa choyamba.Nthawi zambiri, workpiece imayikidwa mu kuwotcherera theka-ofanana kapena ndodo yowotcherera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwedezeka mozungulira, kotero kuti gawo lonse lachitsulo lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi kutentha limatenthedwa kwakanthawi kochepa kuti lipeze kutentha komanso kuteteza kutentha.
1.6 Post-weld kutentha mankhwala
Mukangowotcherera, chogwiriracho chimayikidwa mu ng'anjo yotenthetsera ndikusungidwa pa 650 ° C kuti chichepetse kupsinjika [3].
2 Kuwotcherera zolakwika zachitsulo chokwera cha carbon ndi njira zodzitetezera
Chifukwa chitsulo cha carbon high chimakhala ndi chizoloŵezi cholimba cholimba, ming'alu yotentha ndi ming'alu yozizira nthawi zambiri imachitika panthawi yowotcherera.
2.1 Njira zodzitetezera ku ming'alu yamafuta
1) Kuwongolera mankhwala zikuchokera kuwotcherera, mosamalitsa kulamulira sulfure ndi phosphorous zili, ndipo moyenerera kuonjezera zili manganese kusintha dongosolo weld ndi kuchepetsa tsankho.
2) Yang'anirani mawonekedwe amtundu wa weld ndikupanga chiŵerengero cham'lifupi mpaka chakuya kuti chikhale chokulirapo pang'ono kuti mupewe tsankho pakati pa chowotcherera.
3) Kwa ma welds okhwima, magawo oyenera kuwotcherera, njira zowotcherera zoyenera ndi malangizo ziyenera kusankhidwa.
4) Ngati ndi kotheka, tengani njira zowotchera komanso zoziziritsa pang'onopang'ono kuti mupewe ming'alu yotentha.
5) Onjezani alkalinity ya ndodo yowotcherera kapena kutulutsa kuti muchepetse zonyansa mu weld ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa tsankho.
2.2 Njira zodzitetezera ku ming'alu yozizira[4]
1) Kutenthetsa musanayambe kuwotcherera ndi kuzizira pang'onopang'ono pambuyo pa kuwotcherera sikungathe kuchepetsa kuuma ndi kuphulika kwa malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha, komanso kumathandizira kufalikira kwakunja kwa haidrojeni mu weld.
2) Sankhani miyeso yoyenera kuwotcherera.
3) Pezani njira zoyenera zolumikizirana ndi kuwotcherera kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa cholumikizira chowotcherera ndikuwongolera kupsinjika kwa kuwotcherera.
4) Sankhani zida zowotcherera zoyenera, zimitsani ma elekitirodi ndikutuluka musanayambe kuwotcherera, ndikuzisunga kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito.
5) Pamaso kuwotcherera, madzi, dzimbiri ndi zoipitsa zina pa maziko zitsulo padziko poyambira ayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala kuchepetsa zili diffusible haidrojeni mu weld.
6) Chithandizo cha dehydrogenation chiyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yomweyo musanawotchererane kuti hydrogen athawe kwathunthu ku olowa.
7) Chithandizo chochepetsera kupsinjika kwa annealing chiyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga mutangowotchera kuti alimbikitse kufalikira kwa kunja kwa haidrojeni mu weld.
3 Mapeto
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kaboni, kuuma kwambiri komanso kusawotcherera kwachitsulo cha carbon, ndikosavuta kupanga mawonekedwe apamwamba a carbon martensite ndi ming'alu yowotcherera panthawi yowotcherera.Choncho, pamene kuwotcherera mkulu mpweya zitsulo, ndondomeko kuwotcherera ayenera zomveka anasankha.Ndipo tengani njira zofananira munthawi yake kuti muchepetse kuchitika kwa ming'alu yowotcherera ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mfundo zowotcherera.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-27-2024
