Kuwotcherera luso lachitsulo ndi aluminiyamu ndi ma aloyi ake

(1) Weldability wa chitsulo ndi aluminiyamu ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo zake

Iron, manganese, chromium, faifi tambala ndi zinthu zina muzitsulo zimatha kusakanikirana ndi aluminiyamu mumadzimadzi kuti apange yankho lolimba, komanso kupanga ma intermetallic mankhwala. Mpweya muzitsulo ukhozanso kupanga zosakaniza ndi aluminiyamu, koma zimakhala zosagwirizana ndi wina ndi mzake polimba. sungunula. Pakati pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana za aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya brittle intermetallic compounds ikhoza kupangidwa, pakati pa FeAls ndizovuta kwambiri.

Zimakhudza kwambiri mphamvu zamakina azitsulo zowotcherera zachitsulo ndi aluminiyamu, kuphatikizapo microhardness. Komanso, popeza katundu thermophysical zitsulo, zotayidwa ndi aloyi awo ndi osiyana kwambiri, weldability wa zitsulo ndi aluminiyamu wawonongeka.

(2) Kuwotcherera chitsulo ndi aluminiyamu ndi kabisidwe ake

Kuchokera pazomwe tafotokozazi za weldability wachitsulo-aluminium, ndizosatheka kuchepetsa kuchepetsa chitsulo ndi aluminiyamu ndi ma alloys ake mwa kuwotcherera mwachindunji.

Ndi pafupifupi zosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo kapena aloyi amene matenthedwe thupi katundu ali pakati pa zitsulo ndi aluminiyamu ndipo akhoza metallurgically n'zogwirizana ndi awiri monga filler zitsulo kuwotcherera mwachindunji.

Pakupanga, pali njira ziwiri: zokutira wosanjikiza wosalunjika maphatikizidwe kuwotcherera ndi wapakatikati kusintha chidutswa chosalunjika maphatikizidwe kuwotcherera.

1) Kupaka wosanjikiza njira yowotcherera yosalunjika Chitsulo ndi aluminiyamu zisanatenthedwe, chitsulo chimodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zimatha kusakanikirana ndi zitsulo zoyenera zimakutidwa pamwamba pa chitsulo kuti apange wosanjikiza wokutira, ndiyeno Njira yowotcherera ya Tungsten arc Njira yowotcherera zitsulo zokutidwa ndi aluminiyamu.

Kutsimikiziridwa ndi machitidwe ndi mayeso:

Chophimba chimodzi chokha chingalepheretse makutidwe ndi okosijeni azitsulo zoyambira, koma sichingalepheretse kubadwa kwa mankhwala a intermetallic, ndipo mphamvu yake yolumikizana idakali yotsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuwotcherera argon arc chitsulo ndi aluminiyamu kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi zokutira zophatikiza.

Pali zida zambiri zazitsulo zopangira, monga Ni, Cu, Ag, Sn, Zn ndi zina zotero. Kuphimba zitsulo zakuthupi ndizosiyana, ndipo zotsatira pambuyo pa kuwotcherera zimakhalanso zosiyana. Ming'alu ndi yosavuta kupanga pa Ni, Cu, Ag ❖ kuyanika gulu; Ni, Cu, Sn composite ❖ kuyanika ndi bwino; Inde, zokutira zophatikiza za Zn zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

Kuwotcherera kwa argon arc kophatikizana kokutidwa ndi zitsulo za kaboni ndi aluminiyamu ndi ma aloyi ake ndikoyamba kuvala chitsulo chonga ngati mkuwa kapena siliva kumbali yachitsulo, ndiyeno kuvala wosanjikiza wa zinki. Pamene kuwotcherera, zinki amasungunuka poyamba (chifukwa nsonga yosungunuka ya waya wowotcherera ndi wapamwamba kuposa zinki), ndipo imayandama pamadzimadzi.

Aluminiyamu imakhudzidwa ndi mkuwa kapena siliva plating pansi pa nthaka wosanjikiza, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mkuwa ndi kapena siliva amasungunula mu aluminiyamu, amene akhoza kupanga bwino welded olowa. Itha kuwonjezera mphamvu zolumikizira zitsulo-aluminium welded mpaka 197 ~ 213MPa.

Zigawo zachitsulo zitakutidwa, pamwamba pazitsulo ndi aluminiyumu zimatha kuchiritsidwa. The pamwamba mankhwala a aluminiyamu mbali zinakokoloka ndi 15% ~ 20% NaOH kapena KOH njira kuchotsa filimu okusayidi, nadzatsuka ndi madzi oyera, ndiye passivated mu 20% HNO3, kuchapidwa, ndi okonzeka kuti ziume Chitani argon arc kuwotcherera.

Zipangizo zowotcherera - sankhani waya wowotcherera wa aluminiyamu wokhala ndi silicon yocheperako, kuti maulumikizidwe apamwamba apezeke. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito waya wowotcherera wokhala ndi magnesium (LFS), chifukwa imathandizira kwambiri kukula kwa ma intermetallic compounds ndipo sizingatsimikizire kulimba kwa cholumikizira cholumikizira.

Kuwotcherera njira - malo wachibale wa workpiece, kuwotcherera waya ndi tungsten elekitirodi pa kuwotcherera.

Pofuna kupewa kuyaka msanga kwa zokutira pamwamba pazitsulo, powotchera weld yoyamba, arc yowotcherera iyenera kusungidwa pazitsulo zodzaza; kwa ma welds wotsatira, arc iyenera kusungidwa pa waya wodzaza ndi waya wopangidwa, kuti Itha kupewetsa arc mwachindunji kuchitapo zokutira.

Kuphatikiza apo, arc imayenda pamwamba pa mbali ya aluminiyamu ndipo waya wowotcherera wa aluminiyumu umayenda mbali ya chitsulo, kotero kuti aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi imayenda pamtunda wa chitsulo chophatikizika, ndipo zokutira sizingatenthedwe msanga ndi kutaya. zotsatira zake.

Kuwotcherera mafotokozedwe - argon arc kuwotcherera zitsulo ndi aluminiyamu amagwiritsa AC mphamvu, wina ndi kugunda filimu okusayidi ndi kuswa, ndipo akhoza kuchotsa filimu okusayidi pamwamba pa dziwe losungunuka, kuti chitsulo chosungunula weld akhoza ophatikizidwa bwino.

Kuwotcherera panopa amasankhidwa malinga ndi makulidwe a weldment. Nthawi zambiri, pamene makulidwe mbale ndi 3mm, kuwotcherera panopa ndi 110-130A; pamene makulidwe mbale ndi 6-8mm, kuwotcherera panopa ndi 130-160A;

2) Njira yowotcherera yosalunjika ya zidutswa zapakatikati. Njira yowotcherera iyi ndikuyika chitsulo chopangidwa kale ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu pakati pa cholumikizira chazitsulo ndi aluminiyamu kuti apange zolumikizira zawo, mwachitsanzo, zitsulo-zitsulo ndi aluminiyamu zolumikizira. Kenako gwiritsani ntchito njira yowotcherera yophatikizika kuti muwotchere chitsulo chimodzi mbali zonse ziwiri motsatana.

Pamene kuwotcherera, tcherani khutu kuwotcherera mafupa a aluminiyamu ndi shrinkage yaikulu ndi mosavuta matenthedwe akulimbana poyamba, ndiyeno kuwotcherera mfundo zitsulo.