Kuwotcherera mpweya wotentha kumatchedwanso kuwotcherera mpweya wotentha. Mpweya woponderezedwa kapena mpweya wa inert (kawirikawiri nayitrogeni) umatenthedwa ndi kutentha kofunikira kudzera mu chotenthetsera mumfuti yowotcherera ndikupopera pamwamba pa pulasitiki ndi chingwe chowotcherera, kuti ziwirizi zisungunuke ndikuphatikizana ndi zovuta zazing'ono. Mapulasitiki omwe amamva mpweya (monga polyphthalamide, ndi zina zotero) ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito gasi wa inert monga chotenthetsera, ndipo mapulasitiki ena amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wosefedwa. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri ntchito kuwotcherera mapulasitiki monga polyvinyl kolorayidi, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyoxymethylene, polystyrene, ndi carbonate.
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Kuwotchera ndi kutentha kumagwiritsa ntchito kutentha ndi kukakamiza kukanikizira waya wachitsulo ndi malo owotcherera zitsulo palimodzi. Mfundo ndi kupanga zitsulo m'dera kuwotcherera plastically deform ndi Kutentha ndi kuthamanga, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuwononga okusayidi wosanjikiza pa kuthamanga kuwotcherera mawonekedwe, kuti kukhudzana pamwamba pakati pa kuthamanga kuwotcherera waya ndi zitsulo kufika pa atomiki yokoka. osiyanasiyana, potero kutulutsa kukopa pakati pa ma atomu ndikukwaniritsa cholinga cholumikizirana.
Kuwotcherera mbale zotentha kumatenga kachipangizo chojambulira mbale, ndipo kutentha kwa makina otenthetsera mbale kumasamutsidwa kumalo owotcherera kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa mbali zotenthetsera za pulasitiki ndi kutentha kwamagetsi. Pamwamba pake amasungunuka, ndiyeno makina otenthetsera mbale amachotsedwa mwamsanga. Kutentha kwapamwamba ndi kumunsi kumatenthedwa, malo osungunuka amasakanikirana, olimba, ndikuphatikizidwa kukhala amodzi. Makina onse ndi mawonekedwe a chimango, opangidwa ndi mbale zitatu: template yapamwamba, template yapansi, ndi template yotentha, ndipo imakhala ndi nkhungu yotentha, pulasitiki yapamwamba ndi yotsika pulasitiki, ndipo njira yochitirapo kanthu ndi pneumatic control.
Akupanga zitsulo kuwotcherera kumagwiritsa ntchito mafunde onjenjemera othamanga kwambiri kuti atumize kumadera awiri achitsulo omwe amawotcherera. Pakanikizidwa, zitsulo ziwirizi zimagwedezana wina ndi mzake kuti zigwirizane pakati pa zigawo za maselo. Ubwino wake ndi wachangu, wopulumutsa mphamvu, kuphatikizika kwakukulu kwamphamvu, kuyendetsa bwino, kulibe zopsereza, komanso pafupi ndi kuzizira; kuipa kwake ndi kuti zitsulo welded zitsulo sizingakhale wandiweyani (nthawi zambiri zosakwana kapena zofanana 5mm), malo weld sangakhale lalikulu kwambiri, ndi kukakamizidwa chofunika.
Kuwotcherera kwa laser ndi njira yabwino komanso yolondola yowotcherera yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mtanda wa laser wamphamvu kwambiri ngati gwero la kutentha. Ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito luso laser chuma processing. Nthawi zambiri, mtengo wa laser wopitilira umagwiritsidwa ntchito kumaliza kulumikizana kwazinthu. Metallurgical zake thupi ndondomeko ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ma elekitironi mtengo kuwotcherera, ndiko kuti, mphamvu kutembenuka limagwirira anamaliza kudzera "kiyi-bowo" dongosolo. Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono m'kati mwake kumakhala pafupifupi 2500 ° C, ndipo kutentha kumasamutsidwa kuchokera pakhoma lakunja kwa mbiya yotentha kwambiri kuti isungunuke chitsulo chozungulira patsekeke. Chophimbacho chimadzazidwa ndi nthunzi yotentha kwambiri yomwe imapangidwa ndi kutuluka kosalekeza kwa khoma lazitsulo pansi pa kuwala kwa mtengowo.
Mtengowo umalowa mosalekeza pabowo la kiyi, ndipo zinthu zomwe zili kunja kwa bowolo zimayenda mosalekeza. Pamene mtanda ukuyenda, bowo la kiyi nthawi zonse limakhala lokhazikika. Chitsulo chosungunula chimadzaza mpata wotsalira pambuyo poti bowo la kiyi lichotsedwe ndikukhazikika, ndipo weld amapangidwa.
Brazing ndi njira yowotcherera yomwe chodzaza chosungunuka (brazing material) chokhala ndi malo otsika osungunuka kuposa zogwirira ntchito zomwe ziyenera kulumikizidwa zimatenthedwa ndi kutentha pamwamba pa malo osungunuka kuti zikhale zamadzimadzi zokwanira kudzaza danga pakati pa ntchito ziwirizi ndi capillary. zochita (zotchedwa kunyowetsa), ndiyeno ziwirizo zimalumikizana pamodzi zitalimba. Mwachikhalidwe ku United States, kutentha pamwamba pa 800 ° F (427 ° C) kumatchedwa brazing (hard soldering), ndipo kutentha pansi pa 800 ° F (427 ° C) kumatchedwa soft soldering (soldering yofewa).
Kuwotcherera pamanja ndi njira yowotcherera yomwe imachitidwa ndi nyali yowotcherera m'manja, mfuti yowotcherera kapena chingwe chowotcherera.
Resistance welding ndi njira yopanga komanso ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kuti ulumikizane ndi zitsulo kapena zinthu zina za thermoplastic monga mapulasitiki. Ndi njira yowotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kudzera mu maelekitirodi pambuyo poti zida zogwirira ntchito zasonkhanitsidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwanthawi yayitali komwe kumadutsa pamtunda wolumikizana ndi malo oyandikana nawo.
Friction welding ndi njira yolimba yowotcherera yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamakina ngati mphamvu. Amagwiritsa ntchito kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi kukangana pakati pa mapeto a zogwirira ntchito kuti zifike pamtundu wa pulasitiki, ndiyeno kukwera pamwamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza kuwotcherera.
Kuwotcherera kwa Electroslag kumagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwamphamvu komwe kumapangidwa ndi zomwe zikudutsa mu slag ngati gwero la kutentha kusungunula zitsulo zodzaza ndi zinthu zoyambira, ndipo pambuyo pa kulimba, kulumikizana mwamphamvu pakati pa maatomu achitsulo kumapangidwa. Kumayambiriro kwa kuwotcherera, waya wowotcherera ndi groove wowotcherera amakhala wofupikitsidwa kuti ayambitse arc, ndipo kachulukidwe kakang'ono kolimba kamene kamawonjezeredwa mosalekeza. Kutentha kwa arc kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula kuti apange slag yamadzimadzi. Pamene slag ifika pakuya kwina, kuthamanga kwa kudyetsa kwa waya wowotcherera kumawonjezeka, ndipo voteji imachepetsedwa, kotero kuti waya wowotcherera amalowetsedwa mu dziwe la slag, arc amazimitsidwa, ndipo njira yowotcherera ya electroslag imatsegulidwa. Electroslag kuwotcherera makamaka zikuphatikizapo kusungunuka nozzle electroslag kuwotcherera, sanali kusungunuka nozzle electroslag kuwotcherera, waya elekitirodi electroslag kuwotcherera, mbale electrode electroslag kuwotcherera, etc. kuipa kwake ndi kuti athandizira kutentha ndi lalikulu, olowa amakhala pa kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi weld ndiyosavuta kutenthedwa, chitsulo chowotcherera ndi chopangidwa ndi kristalo wowoneka bwino, kulimba kwake kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kuwotcherera nthawi zambiri kumafunika kukhazikika komanso kutenthedwa pambuyo pakuwotcherera.
Kuwotcherera pafupipafupi kumagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kolimba ngati mphamvu. Pa kuwotcherera, kukana kutentha kwaiye ndi mkulu-pafupipafupi panopa workpiece ntchito kutentha pamwamba pa workpiece kuwotcherera m'dera ku chitsulo chosungunula kapena pafupifupi pulasitiki boma, ndiyeno (kapena ayi) kukhumudwitsa mphamvu ntchito kukwaniritsa zitsulo kugwirizana.
Hot melt ndi mtundu wa kulumikizana komwe kumapangidwa ndikuwotcha zigawozo kumalo awo (zamadzimadzi) osungunuka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-29-2024
