Nazi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimathandizira pakutonthoza wowotcherera, kuphatikiza kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi njira yowotcherera, kubwerezabwereza komanso, nthawi zina, zida zovuta. Mavutowa amatha kubweretsa mavuto, kubweretsa kuwawa, kutopa komanso kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo kwa ogwira ntchito zowotcherera.
Pali njira zina, komabe, zothandizira kuchepetsa zotsatira za zinthuzi. Izi zikuphatikiza kusankha zida zoyenera zogwirira ntchitoyo, kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zowonjezera zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zithandizire kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo azikhala bwino, komanso kutsatira njira zina zabwino zomwe zimalimbikitsa mawonekedwe oyenera ogwiritsira ntchito.
Kusankha mfuti yoyenera ya gasi arc welding (GMAW).
Kulimbikitsa operekera chitonthozo kungachepetse mwayi wa kuvulala komwe kumayenderana ndi kuyenda mobwerezabwereza, komanso kuchepetsa kutopa kwathunthu. Kusankha mfuti ya GMAW yomwe imakwaniritsa zosowa za pulogalamuyo - ndipo nthawi zina kukonza mfuti - ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yokhudzira chitonthozo cha wowotcherera kuti athe kupeza zotsatira zabwino.
Chowombera mfuti, chogwirizira, khosi ndi chingwe chamagetsi zonse zimathandiza kudziwa kuti wowotcherera amatha nthawi yayitali bwanji kuwotcherera popanda kutopa kapena kupsinjika. Ma weld joint geometry amathandiziranso kuti pakhale chitonthozo cha wowotcherera, ndipo zimakhudza zigawo zomwe mungasankhe kuti mulumikizane bwino.
Nazi zina zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha mfuti za GMAW zomwe zingakhudze chitonthozo, komanso ubwino ndi zokolola:
Amperage:
Kuchuluka kwamfuti kumatha kukhudza kwambiri chitonthozo cha wowotcherera chifukwa, nthawi zambiri, kumtunda kwa amperage, kukulirapo - komanso kulemera - mfuti. Chifukwa chake, mfuti yokulirapo ya amperage mwina singakhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri ngati kuchuluka kwake sikofunikira kuti akwaniritse zosowa za pulogalamuyo. Kusankha mfuti yaing'ono ngati kuli kotheka kungathandize kuchepetsa kutopa ndi kupsinjika pamanja ndi manja a wowotcherera. Posankha amperage yoyenera, ganizirani za ntchito yozungulira yomwe mukufuna. Kuzungulira kwa ntchito kumatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa mphindi mu mphindi 10 zomwe mfuti imatha kuyendetsedwa mokwanira popanda kutenthedwa.
Mwachitsanzo, 60 peresenti ya ntchito yozungulira imatanthawuza mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi za arc-on nthawi mu mphindi 10. Mapulogalamu ambiri safuna kuti wowotcherera azigwiritsa ntchito mfuti nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri, mfuti ya amperage yapamwamba imafunika kokha pamene gwero lamagetsi likuyendetsedwa mosalekeza.
Chogwirizira:
Zosankha zapamanja zamfuti za GMAW zimaphatikizapo masitayelo owongoka komanso opindika. Chisankho choyenera nthawi zambiri chimatsikira ku njira yeniyeni, zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito ndipo - nthawi zambiri - zokonda za opareshoni. Kumbukirani kuti chogwirira chaching'ono chimakonda kukhala chosavuta kuchigwira ndikuchiyendetsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kusankha chogwirira chotulutsa mpweya kumathandizira kuti opareshoni azikhala bwino, chifukwa masitayilo amatha kuzirala mwachangu ngati mfuti sikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngakhale kuti chitonthozo cha ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zokonda ndizofunikira kwambiri, zogwirira ntchito ziyeneranso kukwaniritsa mfuti ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi zofunikira za ntchito. Chogwiririra chowongoka chimapereka kusinthasintha polola kukwera choyambitsacho pamwamba kapena pansi pa chogwirira. Kuyiyika pamwamba ndi chisankho chabwino kupititsa patsogolo chitonthozo cha opareshoni pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri kapena kwa omwe amafunikira ma welds ataliatali.
Choyambitsa:
Pali zosankha zambiri zoyambitsa zomwe zingapangitse chitonthozo ndi chitetezo. Yang'anani choyambitsa chomwe sichifuna mphamvu yochulukirapo kuposa kufunikira kuti musunge arc, kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Komanso, zoyambitsa zotsekera ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera kupsinjika pa chala cha wowotcherera chomwe chimayamba chifukwa chogwira, chomwe nthawi zina chimatchedwa "trigger chala." Choyambitsa chotsekera, monga dzina lake limatanthawuzira, chikhoza kutsekedwa m'malo mwake. Mbali imeneyi imalola wowotchererayo kuti apange ma weld aatali, osalekeza osagwira choyambitsa nthawi yonseyi. Zoyambitsa zotsekera zimathandizanso kuti wowotchererayo atalikire kutali ndi kutentha komwe amapangidwa panthawi yowotcherera, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri amperage.
Khosi:
Mbali ina ya mfuti yomwe imagwira ntchito mu chitonthozo cha opareshoni ndi khosi. Makosi otembenuzidwa ndi osinthika amapezeka muutali ndi makona osiyanasiyana, ndipo amatha kusinthidwa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zenizeni za ntchito, kupereka zosankha zambiri zothandizira kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa ogwira ntchito. Kufikira kophatikizana, kuchuluka kwa mfuti ndi kuzungulira kwa ntchito komwe kumafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito ndizofunikira posankha khosi lamfuti. Mwachitsanzo, khosi lalitali lamfuti limatha kuwongolera chitonthozo cha wogwiritsa ntchito pomwe ntchitoyo ikufuna kufikira nthawi yayitali. Khosi losinthasintha lingathe kuchita chimodzimodzi pamene mukupeza zolumikizira mu ngodya yolimba.
Chisankho chabwino kwambiri chowotcherera chitoliro chingakhale khosi la digirii 80, pomwe khosi la digirii 45 kapena 60 lingakhale loyenera kuwotcherera pamalo athyathyathya. Makosi osinthasintha amalola opanga kuwotcherera khosi ngati akufunikira, monga kunja kwa malo kapena kuwotcherera pamwamba. Pakafunika khosi lalitali, njira ina ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito khosi la khosi, chomwe ndi chida chomwe chimaphatikiza makosi awiri amfuti. Kusinthasintha koperekedwa ndi zosankha zambiri zapakhosi kungapangitse mwayi wochepetsera kutopa kwa oyendetsa, kupsinjika ndi kuvulala.
Chingwe chamagetsi:
Chingwe chamagetsi chimawonjezera kulemera kwa mfuti ndipo chingathenso kuwonjezera chisokonezo kumalo ogwirira ntchito. Choncho, zingwe zing'onozing'ono ndi zazifupi zimalimbikitsidwa, malinga ngati zikwaniritsa zofunikira za pulogalamuyi. Sikuti zingwe zazifupi ndi zing'onozing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopepuka komanso zosinthika - kuti muchepetse kutopa ndi kupsinjika kwa manja ndi manja a wowotcherera - komanso zimathandizira kuchepetsa kusokonezeka ndi kugunda kowopsa komwe amagwira ntchito.
Taganizirani mmene mfuti ikuyendera
Chifukwa ntchito zowotcherera zimasiyana kwa wowotcherera aliyense, mfuti zosinthika za GMAW zitha kukhala njira yabwino kuti mutonthozedwe kwambiri.
Mfuti zowotcherera zosiyanasiyana zimatha kupereka "choyenera" chosiyana, chomwe chimatanthawuza kumverera komanso kuyenda kosavuta komwe munthu wowotcherera amatenga mfutiyo. Mwachitsanzo, mfuti yolemera kwambiri imene ili yolinganizika bwino ingachepetse kutopa kwa woyendetsayo poiyerekezera ndi mfuti yolemera kwambiri imene siili bwino bwino.
Mfuti yokhazikika bwino imamveka mwachilengedwe m'manja mwa wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ndipo imakhala yosavuta kuyiyendetsa. Mfuti ikapanda kulinganizika bwino, imatha kumva kuti ilibe mphamvu kapena kukhala yosamasuka kuigwiritsa ntchito. Izi zingapangitse kusiyana kwa chitonthozo cha opareshoni ndi zokolola.
Sinthani mwamakonda ntchitoyo
Chifukwa ntchito zowotcherera zimasiyana kwa wowotcherera aliyense, mfuti zosinthika za GMAW zitha kukhala njira yabwino kuti mutonthozedwe kwambiri. Kusatonthozedwa kwa opangira ma welding kumatha kukhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Opanga mfuti ena amapereka zida zapaintaneti zothandizira owotcherera kuti akonze mfuti ya GMAW kuti adziwe momwe ntchitoyo ikugwirira ntchito. Izi zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti mfutiyo ikugwirizana ndi zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amakonda komanso zosowa za pulogalamuyo - kuti atonthozedwe kwambiri komanso azigwira ntchito bwino. ttMwachitsanzo, owotcherera ambiri sapanga mayendedwe akulu, akusesa akamagwiritsa ntchito mfuti ya GMAW. M'malo mwake, amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mfutiyo pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono. Zosintha zina zimalola ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha njira yomwe ingapezeke pamfuti zochotsa fume - mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a mpira ndi socket swivel omwe amathandiza payipi ya vacuum kuyenda mosiyana ndi chogwirira. Izi zimathandizira kusinthasintha ndikuchepetsa kutopa kwa dzanja kwa wowotcherera.
Gwiritsani ntchito kaimidwe koyenera ndi mawonekedwe
Kugwiritsa ntchito malo oyenera owotcherera ndi mawonekedwe ndi njira zowonjezera zomwe opanga kuwotcherera amatha kukulitsa chitonthozo pantchitoyo. Kupsinjika mobwerezabwereza kapena kusakhazikika kwanthawi yayitali kumatha kubweretsa kuvulala kwa oyendetsa - kapena kufunikira kokonzanso zodula komanso zowononga nthawi chifukwa cha ma welds abwino.
Ngati n'kotheka, ikani chogwirira ntchito chathyathyathya ndikuchisunthira pamalo abwino kwambiri. M'pofunikanso kusunga malo ogwirira ntchito aukhondo. Nthawi zina, mfuti yotulutsa fume yophatikizidwa ndi njira yoyenera yochotsera fume ingakhale njira yabwino yosinthira kuvala chopumira choyeretsera mpweya komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zida zomwe wowotcherera ayenera kuvala. Kuti mukhalebe omvera komanso otetezeka, nthawi zonse ndi bwino kukaonana ndi akatswiri azaukhondo m'mafakitale kuti mutsimikizire kuti ndi sitepe yoyenera.
Kuphatikiza apo, chitonthozo cha opareshoni chikhoza kukulitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kaimidwe kokhazikika ndikupewa kuyika kwa thupi movutikira, komanso kusagwira ntchito pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Powotchera ali pampando, ogwira ntchito ayeneranso kukhala ndi chogwirira ntchito pansi pang'ono mulingo wa chigongono. Pamene ntchito ikufuna kuyimirira kwa nthawi yayitali, gwiritsani ntchito kupumula kwa phazi.
Kuchulukitsa chitonthozo
Kukhala ndi zida zoyenera, kusankha zida kapena zida zomwe ndizosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito ndikulimbikitsa kutonthoza kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowotcherera yoyenera ndi mawonekedwe onse ndi njira zofunika kwambiri zopezera malo ogwirira ntchito abwino komanso otetezeka kwa owotcherera.
Mfuti zowotcherera zopepuka zokhala ndi chogwirira choyenera ndi mapangidwe a khosi pa ntchitoyo komanso kwa wogwiritsa ntchito zingathandize kupeza zotsatira zotetezeka komanso zopindulitsa. Kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha, kutopa kwa dzanja ndi khosi komanso kuyenda mobwerezabwereza kungathandizenso kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera.
Kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zabwino, ganizirani zosankha zambiri zomwe zilipo pokonza mfuti ya GMAW yomwe ili yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito komanso zokonda za oyendetsa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-04-2023
