Nkhaniyi imakutengerani kuti mumvetsetse zolakwika zowotcherera - ming'alu ya lamellar

Kuwotcherera ming'alu monga gulu lovulaza kwambiri la zolakwika zowotcherera, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa zida zowotcherera.Lero, tidzakutengerani kuti muzindikire mtundu umodzi wa ming'alu - ming'alu ya laminated.

01

Zopanda zitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo, mbale zachitsulo pakugudubuza zidzakhala zina zopanda zitsulo mkati mwazitsulo, ndi zina zotero (monga sulfides, silicates) zimakulungidwa mu gulu lofanana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. zitsulo, inclusions ndi welded nyumba kubala laminar kung'amba zinthu angathe, komanso chifukwa chachikulu kupanga laminar kung'amba.

02

Kupsyinjika maganizo, chifukwa kuwotcherera matenthedwe mkombero, welded zimfundo adzaoneka chopinga mphamvu, chifukwa anagulung'undisa wandiweyani mbale T woboola pakati ndi olowa mtanda, mu kuwotcherera magawo pansi pa zikhalidwe zomwezo, pali vuto lalikulu kupsyinjika kapena kupinda. kukakamiza mphamvu, pamene chachikulu kuposa mtengo uwu sachedwa kutulutsa laminar kung'ambika.

03

Kufalikira kwa haidrojeni, haidrojeni ndi kulimbikitsa kusweka, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa haidrojeni ndikuphatikizidwa mu molekyulu kuti kupsinjika kwa m'deralo kumawonjezeka kwambiri, pamene hydrogen inasonkhanitsidwa mu inclusions kumapeto kwa kukwezedwa kwa inclusions zopanda zitsulo ndi kutayika kwachitsulo. wa adhesion, ndipo adzakokedwa kuchokera oyandikana inclusions mu zitsulo, mu fracture wa hydrogen fracture makhalidwe.

04

Makolo katundu katundu, ngakhale inclusions ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kung'ambika laminar, koma mawotchi zimatha zitsulo amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zofunika kwambiri pa kung'ambika laminar.Kulimba kwa pulasitiki kosauka kwachitsulo, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kufalikira, ndiko kuti, kukana kusweka kwa laminar.

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Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa ming'alu ya laminar, chinthu chachikulu pakupanga ndi kumanga ndikupewa kupsinjika kwa Z-direction and stress concentration, miyeso yeniyeni ndi iyi:
1. Limbikitsani mapangidwe ophatikizana kuti muchepetse kupsinjika.Zodziwikiratu monga: zidzatsogolera kukulitsa kwa arc mbale kumapeto kwa kutalika kwake, kukhala ndi zotsatira zoletsa kusweka;sinthani ma weld makonzedwe kuti asinthe njira ya kupsinjika kwa weld contraction, mbale yoyima ya arc kupita ku mbale yopingasa ya arc, kusintha malo a weld, kotero kuti olowa gulu lonse la mphamvu yofananira ndi wosanjikiza, mutha kusintha kwambiri. ntchito ya anti-laminar kung'ambika.
2. Landirani njira yowotcherera yoyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yocheperako ya haidrojeni ndiyokomera, monga kuwotcherera kotetezedwa ndi mpweya, kulowetsedwa kwa arc kuzizira kung'onozing'ono kumakhala kocheperako, ndikothandiza kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a anti-laminar kung'amba.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa zofananira zida zowotcherera, zitsulo zowotcherera zimakhala ndi zokolola zochepa, ductility yayikulu, zosavuta kupanga zovutazo zimakhazikika mu weld ndikuchepetsa gawo lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwazinthu zoyambira, zimatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito. kung'ambika kwa anti-laminar.
4. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowotcherera, kugwiritsa ntchito kusanjikiza koyang'ana pamwamba;symmetrical kuwotcherera, kotero kuti kugawa kwazovuta kumakhala koyenera, kuchepetsa kupsinjika.
5. Pofuna kupewa kung'ambika kwa laminar chifukwa cha kuzizira kozizira, tiyenera kuyesetsa kuchitapo kanthu kuti tipewe kuphulika kozizira, monga kuwongolera kutentha kwa preheating ndi kulamulira kutentha kwa interlayer, ndi zina zotero. monga annealing wapakati.
6. Tingathenso kulamulira kukula kwa weld, pogwiritsa ntchito mapazi ang'onoang'ono kuwotcherera, njira zambiri zowotcherera.

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