Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa panthawi yowotcherera. Ngati kunyalanyazidwa, kungabweretse ku zolakwa zazikulu.
Zambiri zimatsimikizira kupambana kapena kulephera, chonde werengani moleza mtima!
1 Osalabadira kusankha magetsi abwino kwambiri pomanga welding
[Phenomena] Panthawi yowotcherera, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa groove, kaya ndi maziko, kudzaza kapena kuphimba, magetsi a arc omwewo amasankhidwa. Mwanjira imeneyi, kuya ndi m'lifupi kofunikira sikungakwaniritsidwe, ndipo zolakwika monga ma undercuts, pores, ndi spatter zitha kuchitika.
[Miyeso] Nthawi zambiri, arc yayitali yofananira kapena arc yayifupi iyenera kusankhidwa pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana kuti ipezeke bwino komanso kugwira ntchito moyenera.
Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yaifupi ya arc iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azitha kulowa bwino pakuwotcherera pansi, ndipo mphamvu ya arc imatha kuonjezedwa moyenera kuti ipezeke bwino komanso kusungunuka m'lifupi pakuwotcherera kapena kuwotcherera.
2 Kuwotchera sikuwongolera mphamvu yowotcherera
[Phenomena] Pa kuwotcherera, kuti apite patsogolo, matako welds wa sing'anga ndi wandiweyani mbale si grooved. Mlozera wa mphamvu umatsika, kapena kulephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira, ndipo ming'alu imawonekera panthawi yoyeserera. Izi zipangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a weld asamatsimikizidwe ndikuyika chiwopsezo pachitetezo chamapangidwe.
[Miyeso] Pamene kuwotcherera, kuwotcherera kwapano kuyenera kuyendetsedwa molingana ndi kuwunika kwa njira, ndipo kusinthasintha kwa 10 mpaka 15% kumaloledwa. Kukula kwa m'mphepete mwa groove sikuyenera kupitirira 6mm. Mukayika, makulidwe a mbale akapitilira 6mm, ma bevel ayenera kupangidwa kuti aziwotcherera.
3 Osalabadira kugwirizanitsa ntchito kuwotcherera liwiro, kuwotcherera panopa, ndi electrode awiri
[Phenomena] Pamene kuwotcherera, musati kulabadira kulamulira kuwotcherera liwiro ndi kuwotcherera panopa, ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito m'mimba mwake elekitirodi ndi kuwotcherera udindo.
Mwachitsanzo, pochita kuwotcherera koyambira pamakona olowera bwino, chifukwa cha kukula kwa mizu yopapatiza, ngati liwiro la kuwotcherera lili mwachangu kwambiri, mizu ya gasi ndi ma slag sakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yotulutsidwa, zomwe zitha kuyambitsa zolakwika. monga kulowa kosakwanira, slag inclusions, ndi pores muzu. ; Pamene kuwotcherera chivundikirocho, ngati kuwotcherera liwiro mofulumira kwambiri, n'zosavuta kubala pores; ngati liwiro la kuwotcherera likuchedwa kwambiri, kulimbikitsana kwa weld kudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri ndipo mawonekedwe ake adzakhala osasinthasintha; powotcherera mbale zoonda kapena zowotcherera zokhala ndi m'mphepete ting'onoting'ono, liwiro la kuwotcherera lidzakhala lalitali kwambiri. Osakwiya komanso osachedwa kutopa komanso zochitika zina.
[Miyezo] Kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera kumakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la kuwotcherera komanso luso la kupanga kuwotcherera. Posankha, sankhani liwiro lowotcherera loyenera malinga ndi momwe kuwotcherera pakali pano, kuwotcherera kwa msoko (kuwotcherera pansi, kuwotcherera kumunsi, kuwotcherera kudzaza, kuwotcherera chivundikiro), makulidwe a msoko, ndi kukula kwa poyambira. Liwiro, pamaziko owonetsetsa kulowa, kutulutsa kosavuta kwa gasi ndi kuwotcherera slag, osawotcha, komanso mapangidwe abwino, liwiro la kuwotcherera limasankhidwa kuti lipititse patsogolo zokolola komanso kuchita bwino.
4 Kulephera kulabadira kuwongolera kutalika kwa arc panthawi yowotcherera
[Phenomena] Panthawi yowotcherera, kutalika kwa arc sikusinthidwa moyenera malinga ndi mawonekedwe a groove, kuchuluka kwa zigawo zowotcherera, mawonekedwe owotcherera, mtundu wa electrode, etc. .
[Miyezo] Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kuwotcherera kwabwino, ntchito zazifupi za arc nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwotcherera, koma kutalika koyenera kwa arc kumatha kusankhidwa molingana ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana kuti mupeze mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri, monga gawo loyamba la mawonekedwe a V. mafupa a groove matako ndi mfundo za ngodya. Gawo loyamba liyenera kugwiritsa ntchito arc lalifupi kuti liwonetsetse kulowa popanda kutsika, ndipo gawo lachiwiri litha kukhala lalitali pang'ono kuti mudzaze chowotcherera. Pamene kusiyana kwa weld kuli kochepa, arc yayifupi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mpata ukakhala waukulu, arc imatha kutalika pang'ono ndipo liwiro la kuwotcherera limachulukitsidwa. Khomo lowotcherera pamwamba liyenera kukhala lalifupi kwambiri kuti chitsulo chosungunula chisagwere pansi; kuti muzitha kuwongolera kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka panthawi yowotcherera yoyima komanso yopingasa, kuwotcherera pang'ono kwapano komanso kwakanthawi kochepa kuyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Kuonjezera apo, ziribe kanthu kuti kuwotcherera kwamtundu wanji kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa kusunga kutalika kwa arc kwenikweni kosasinthika panthawi ya kayendetsedwe kake kuti zitsimikizire kuti m'lifupi mwake ndi kulowa mkati mwa weld yonse ndizofanana.
5 kuwotcherera popanda kulabadira kuwongolera kuwotcherera mapindikidwe
[Phenomena] Pamene kuwotcherera, mulibe kulabadira kulamulira mapindikidwe ku mbali ya kuwotcherera zinayendera, makonzedwe antchito, poyambira mawonekedwe, kuwotcherera mfundo kusankha ndi ntchito njira, etc., amene amatsogolera mapindikidwe lalikulu pambuyo kuwotcherera, zovuta kukonza, ndi kukwera mtengo, makamaka kwa mbale zokhuthala ndi zida zazikulu zogwirira ntchito. Kuwongolera ndikovuta, ndipo kukonza makina kumatha kuyambitsa ming'alu kapena misozi ya lamellar. Mtengo wokonza lawi ndi wokwera ndipo ntchito yosauka imatha kuyambitsa kutenthedwa kwa workpiece.
Kwa zida zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi zolondola kwambiri, ngati njira zowongolera zosinthika sizingatengedwe, miyeso yoyika chogwiriracho sichingakwaniritse zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo imatha kupangitsanso kukonzanso kapena kuchotsedwa.
[Miyeso] Khalani ndi ndondomeko yowotcherera yololera ndikusankha ndondomeko zoyenera zowotcherera ndi njira zogwirira ntchito, komanso njira zotsutsana ndi zowonongeka ndi zokhazikika.
6 Mipikisano wosanjikiza kuwotcherera ikuchitika discontinuously ndipo palibe chidwi amaperekedwa kulamulira kutentha pakati zigawo.
[Phenomena] Mukamawotcherera mbale zamitundu yambiri, musalabadire kutentha kwapakati pa zigawo. Ngati nthawi yapakati pa zigawo ndi yayitali kwambiri, kuwotcherera popanda kutenthedwa kungayambitse ming'alu yozizira pakati pa zigawo; Ngati nthawiyo ili yochepa kwambiri, kutentha kwapakati pa zigawo kudzakhala ngati kutentha kuli kokwera kwambiri (kupitirira 900 ° C), kudzakhudzanso ntchito ya weld ndi malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zikhale zolimba, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa. kulimba ndi pulasitiki, ndikusiya zoopsa zomwe zingatheke m'magulu.
[Miyeso] Mukawotcherera mbale zamitundu yambiri, kuwongolera kutentha kwapakati-wosanjikiza kuyenera kulimbikitsidwa. Panthawi yowotcherera mosalekeza, kutentha kwa zinthu zoyambira zowotcherera kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutentha kwapakati-wosanjikiza kumakhala kogwirizana ndi kutentha kwa preheating. Kutentha kwakukulu kuyeneranso kuyendetsedwa.
Nthawi yowotcherera isakhale yayitali kwambiri. Pakakhala kusokonezeka kwa kuwotcherera, njira zoyenera zowotchera pambuyo pakuwotcha ndi kuteteza kutentha ziyenera kuchitidwa. Mukawotcheranso, kutentha koyambitsiranso kuyenera kukhala kokwera moyenerera kuposa kutentha koyambako.
7 Mipikisano wosanjikiza welds ndi welded pa wosanjikiza m'munsi popanda kuchotsa kuwotcherera slag ndi zolakwika pa weld pamwamba.
[Phenomena] Pamene Mipikisano wosanjikiza kuwotcherera wa wandiweyani mbale, kuwotcherera wa wosanjikiza m'munsi ikuchitika mwachindunji popanda kuchotsa kuwotcherera slag ndi zolakwika pambuyo wosanjikiza kuwotcherera. Izi zitha kuyambitsa zolakwika monga slag inclusions, pores, ming'alu ndi zolakwika zina mu weld, kuchepetsa mphamvu yolumikizirana ndikuyambitsa kuwotcherera kwa gawo lapansi. nthawi splash.
[Miyeso] Mukawotcherera mbale zokhuthala m'magulu angapo, wosanjikiza uliwonse uyenera kuwotcherera mosalekeza. Aliyense wosanjikiza wa kuwotcherera msoko ndi welded, kuwotcherera slag, kuwotcherera msoko pamwamba zilema ndi sipatter ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi. Ngati zolakwika zilizonse monga slag inclusions, pores, ming'alu ndi zolakwika zina zomwe zimakhudza khalidwe la kuwotcherera zimapezedwa, ziyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu musanayambe kuwotcherera.
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8 Kusakwanira kwa fillet kwa ma weld ophatikizika a matako kapena ngodya zomwe zimafuna kulowa
[Phenomena] Mawotchi ophatikizira matako kapena ngodya omwe amafunikira kulowa monga zolumikizira zooneka ngati T, zolumikizira zomangira, zolumikizira pamakona, ndi zina zambiri. zidapangidwa. Ngati kukula kwa weld mwendo wa mbale m'mphepete kugwirizana kuwotcherera sikokwanira, mphamvu ndi stiffness wa kuwotcherera sangakwaniritse kapangidwe zofunika.
[Miyezo] Malumikizidwe opangidwa ndi T, zolumikizira zopingasa, zolumikizira pamakona ndi ma welds ena ophatikizira matako omwe amafunikira kulowa ayenera kukhala molingana ndi kapangidwe kake ndipo ayenera kukhala ndi miyendo yowotcherera yokwanira. Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa mwendo wa kuwotcherera kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 0.25t (T ndiye makulidwe olumikizana ndi mbale yocheperako). Kukula kwa mwendo wa weld wolumikiza ukonde ndi kumtunda kwa flange ya mtengo wa crane kapena mbale yofananira yomwe idapangidwa kuti itsimikizire kutopa ndi 0.5t ndipo sikuyenera kupitilira 10mm. Kupatuka kovomerezeka kwa miyeso yowotcherera ndi 0 ~ 4 mm.
9 Kuwotchera kumalumikiza nsonga ya ndodo kapena chitsulo cholumikizira nsonga
[Phenomena] Popeza n'zovuta kuphatikiza nsonga ya elekitirodi kapena chipika chitsulo ndi welded chidutswa pa kuwotcherera, kuwotcherera zilema monga kusowa maphatikizidwe ndi kusowa malowedwe zidzachititsa, ndipo kugwirizana mphamvu adzakhala yafupika. Ngati ndodo yowotcherera mutu kapena chipika chachitsulo chadzaza ndi dzimbiri, zimakhala zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zikugwirizana ndi maziko; ngati ndodo yowotcherera mutu kapena chipika chachitsulo chadzaza ndi madontho amafuta, zonyansa, ndi zina zotero, zidzayambitsa zolakwika monga pores, slag inclusions, ndi ming'alu mu weld. Mikhalidwe imeneyi idzachepetsa kwambiri ubwino wa welds wazitsulo ndikulephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mapangidwe ndi mafotokozedwe a welds.
【kuyesa】
(1) Pamene kusiyana kwa msonkhano wa workpiece ndi kwakukulu, koma sikudutsa njira yovomerezeka yogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo kusiyana kwa msonkhano kumadutsa nthawi 2 makulidwe a pepala kapena ndi wamkulu kuposa 20mm, njira yowonekera iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza malo otsekedwa. magawo kapena kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa msonkhano. Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodzaza ndi ndodo yowotcherera mutu kapena chitsulo chipika kukonza kuwotcherera mu kusiyana olowa.
(2) Pokonza ndi kuyika zigawo, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa kusiya malipiro okwanira odulidwa ndi kuwotcherera shrinkage allowance pambuyo kudula, ndi kulamulira kukula kwa mbali. Osawonjezera kusiyana kuti muwonetsetse kukula kwa mawonekedwe.
10 Osati kulabadira ndondomeko kuwotcherera zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi kuwotcherera mtanda
[Phenomena] Pazigawo zokhala ndi zowotcherera pamtanda, sitilabadira dongosolo lololera la kuwotcherera posanthula kutulutsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kuwotcherera komanso kukhudzidwa kwa kupsinjika kwa kuwotcherera pamapindika a chigawocho, koma kuwotcherera mozungulira mozungulira komanso mopingasa. Zotsatira zake, seams ofukula ndi yopingasa adzaumirizidwa wina ndi mzake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zazikulu Kupanikizika kwa kutentha kwa kutentha kumapangitsa kuti mbaleyo ikhale yopunduka, imapangitsa kuti mbaleyo ikhale yosagwirizana, ndipo ingayambitse ming'alu mu welds.
[Miyeso] Pazigawo zokhala ndi zowotcherera pamtanda, ndondomeko yowotcherera yoyenera iyenera kupangidwa. Ngati pali zowotcherera angapo ofukula ndi yopingasa mtanda kuti kuwotcherera, zopingasa seams ndi lalikulu shrinkage mapindikidwe ayenera kuwotcherera choyamba, ndiyeno longitudinal welds. Mwanjira iyi, zowotcherera zodutsa sizingakakamizidwe ndi zowotcherera zazitali ndipo kupsinjika kwa shrinkage kwa seams transverse kudzachepetsedwa. Kutulutsidwa popanda kudziletsa kumatha kuchepetsa kuwotcherera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti weld, kapena weld butt welds poyamba ndiyeno fillet welds.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-01-2023
