Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha njanji zothamanga kwambiri komanso zolemetsa, mawonekedwe a njanji amasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi mizere yopanda phokoso kuchokera ku mizere wamba. Poyerekeza ndi mizere wamba, mzere wosasunthika umachotsa zida zambiri zolumikizira njanji mufakitale, motero zimakhala ndi zabwino zoyenda bwino, zotsika mtengo zokonza njanji, komanso moyo wautali wautumiki. Yakhala njira yayikulu yopangira njanji yothamanga kwambiri pakadali pano. Mzere wopanda msoko ndiukadaulo watsopano wofunikira wanjanji. Mzere wopangidwa ndi kuwotcherera njanji zachitsulo wamba muzitsulo zazitali za kutalika kwake, kuwotcherera ndi kuyala njanji zazitali ndi kutalika kwake kumatchedwa mzere wopanda msoko. Kuwotcherera njanji ndi gawo lofunikira pakuyika mizere yopanda msoko.
Pakadali pano, njira zowotcherera zolumikizira njanji zopanda msoko zimaphatikizanso kuwotcherera njanji, kuwotcherera kwa mpweya, kuwotcherera kwa aluminothermic:
01 Lumikizanani ndi kuwotcherera njira ndi njira
Kuwotcherera njanji (kuwotcherera kwa Flash) nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera fakitale. 95% ya mzere wopanda msoko umatsirizidwa ndi njirayi, ndiye kuti, njanji yokhazikika yokhala ndi kutalika kwa mita 25 ndipo palibe mabowo omwe amawotchedwa mu njanji yayitali ya 200-500 metres.
Mfundo yake ndikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kuti apange kutentha kudzera pamtunda wolumikizana ndi njanji kuti asungunuke mbali yomaliza ya njanji, ndiyeno kumaliza kuwotcherera posokoneza. Popeza kuwotcherera kutentha gwero la kukhudzana kuwotcherera amachokera mkati kutentha gwero la workpiece, kutentha anaikira, Kutentha nthawi ndi yochepa, ndondomeko kuwotcherera sikutanthauza filler zitsulo, ndondomeko metallurgical ndi yosavuta, kutentha anakhudzidwa zone ndi. yaying'ono, ndipo ndikosavuta kupeza cholumikizira chamtundu wabwinoko.
The kuwotcherera ndondomeko anatengera ndi njanji kuwotcherera fakitale ndi chimodzimodzi, kuphatikizapo: njanji yofananira, kudziwika cholakwa, kukonza mapeto nkhope ya njanji, kulowa siteshoni kuti welded, kuwotcherera, akhakula akupera, chabwino akupera, kuwongola, normalizing, cholakwika kuzindikira, kulowa pa nsanja ya njanji, kukhazikitsa Njira yowotcherera ndiyo yofunika kwambiri pakati pa njira zonse. Ubwino wa kuwotcherera umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito yokonza mzere. Ngati pali vuto, zingawononge chitetezo cha galimoto pazochitika zazikulu. Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zowotcherera njanji, kuwotcherera kwa Flash kumakhala ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri ndipo sikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zaumunthu. The zida kuwotcherera okonzeka ndi ulamuliro kompyuta, ndi kusinthasintha pang'ono mu kuwotcherera khalidwe ndi mkulu kuwotcherera zokolola. Nthawi zonse, poyerekeza ndi kuwotcherera mpweya kuthamanga ndi kuwotcherera thermite, mphamvu ya kukhudzana kuwotcherera msoko wa njanji ndi apamwamba, ndi mlingo breakage pa mzere ndi za 0,5/10000 kapena zochepa. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi zinthu zoyambira, mphamvu zake zikadali zotsika kuposa zomwe zidayambira pazifukwa izi:
(1) Njanjiyo ndi chigawo chachikulu cha mipiringidzo, ndipo maziko ake ndi osauka, okhala ndi malo otsika osungunuka, otayirira, ndi njere zolimba. Pa kuwotcherera ndi kukhumudwitsa ndondomeko, m'mphepete zinthu extruded, ndi pachimake zakuthupi ndi Iwo m'malo ndi kukulitsa kunja, ndi fibrous minofu imasokonekera ndi kupindika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kukhumudwitsa, ndi zoonekeratu zimenezi.
(2) Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha kwambiri, njerezo zimakhala zowawa m'dera la 1-2mm mozungulira chowotcherera, ndipo njerezo zimachepetsedwa mpaka 1-2.
(3) Chigawo chamtanda cha njanji ndi chosagwirizana, pamwamba ndi pansi pa njanji ndi magawo osakanikirana, ndipo ngodya ziwiri za pansi pa njanji ndi zigawo zowonjezera. Kutentha kwa ngodya ziwiri za pansi pa njanji kumakhala kochepa panthawi yowotcherera. kupsinjika kwa kutentha
(4) Pali zolakwika zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa pa weld - mawanga a imvi.
02 Gasi kuthamanga kuwotcherera njira ndi ndondomeko
Pakadali pano, kuwotcherera kwa njanji komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi gasi kakang'ono, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwotcherera mafupa a njanji zazitali pamalopo, ndipo amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kotsekeka pakuwotcherera njanji zowonongeka.
Mfundo yake ndi kutenthetsa njanji yowotcherera kuti ikhale pulasitiki, ndikupanga ndalama zosokoneza pansi pa mphamvu yokhazikika yosokoneza. Kuchuluka kokhumudwitsa kukafika pamlingo wina, njanji imawotcherera muthunthu.
Makina ang'onoang'ono omwe amawotchera pakali pano amakhala akuwotchera m'nyumba, ndipo njira yowotcherera imagawidwa m'magawo monga oxy-acetylene flame preheating, pre-pressurization, low-pressure upsetting, high-pressure upsetting, and pressure-hold and pushing. M`pofunika pamanja agwirizane njanji ndi kuona Kutentha zinthu ndi diso lamaliseche, choncho kwambiri amakhudzidwa ndi zinthu za anthu, ndipo sachedwa kuwotcherera olowa zolakwika ndi olowa zolakwika.
Koma chifukwa ili ndi mawonekedwe a zida zosavuta, kukula kochepa komanso kulemera kwake, ndikosavuta kusuntha pa intaneti, pa intaneti komanso pamalo omanga, ndipo ntchitoyi ndi yosavuta, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwotcherera njanji zazitali pamalo omanga. .
03 Thermite kuwotcherera njira ndi ndondomeko
Kuwotcherera kwa Thermite kumagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera njanji pamalopo, ndipo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pakuyalira mizere, makamaka pakutseka kwamizere yopanda msoko ndi kukonza njanji zosweka. Kuwotcherera kwa aluminothermic kwa njanji kumatengera kuyanjana kwamphamvu kwamankhwala pakati pa aluminiyamu mu flux ndi mpweya pansi pa kutentha kwambiri. Amachepetsa zitsulo zolemera ndipo amatulutsa kutentha nthawi imodzi, amasungunula zitsulo kukhala chitsulo chosungunula choponyera ndi kuwotcherera.
Njira yofunikira ndikuyika chiwombankhanga chokonzekera cha thermite mu crucible yapadera, kuyatsa kutentha ndi kutentha kwapamwamba, kutulutsa mankhwala amphamvu, ndikupeza zitsulo zosungunuka ndi slag. Zomwezo zitakhazikika, tsanulirani chitsulo chosungunuka chotentha kwambiri mu Mangani njanji mu nkhungu yamchenga wotenthedwa, sungunulani nsonga za njanji mu nkhungu yamchenga, chotsani nkhungu yamchenga mutatha kuzirala, ndikukonzanso zolumikizira zowotcherera mu nthawi. , ndipo zigawo ziŵiri za njanji zimakoleredwa kukhala chimodzi. Ngakhale zida zowotcherera za aluminothermic zimakhala ndi ndalama zochepa, ntchito yosavuta yowotcherera, komanso kusalala bwino kwa olowa, msoko wowotcherera ndi mawonekedwe okhuthala komanso osalimba komanso mapulasitiki. Ndi bwino kuchita pambuyo weld kutentha mankhwala kusintha ntchito ya welded olowa. .
Mwachidule, kuwotcherera khalidwe la njanji yaitali ayenera kukhala bwino ndi kukhudzana kuwotcherera ndi mpweya kuthamanga kuwotcherera. Mtheradi mphamvu, zokolola mphamvu ndi kutopa mphamvu kukhudzana kuwotcherera ndi mpweya kuthamanga kuwotcherera akhoza kufika oposa 90% ya m'munsi zitsulo. Ubwino wa kuwotcherera aluminothermic ndi woipa pang'ono, mphamvu yake mtheradi ndi pafupifupi 70% ya zitsulo m'munsi, mphamvu kutopa kwambiri, kungofika 45% mpaka 70% ya zitsulo m'munsi, ndi mphamvu zokolola ndi bwino pang'ono, amene. ili pafupi ndi kulumikizana ndi kuwotcherera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-01-2023
