Pakupanga mafakitale, zida zina zogwiritsira ntchito mosalekeza zimatuluka chifukwa chazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Monga mapaipi, mavavu, muli, etc. Mbadwo wa kutayikira izi zimakhudza kukhazikika kwa kupanga yachibadwa ndi khalidwe la mankhwala, ndi kuipitsa chilengedwe kupanga, kuchititsa zinyalala zosafunika. Kuphatikiza apo, kutayikira kwazinthu zina monga gasi wapoizoni ndi mafuta, kungayambitsenso vuto lalikulu pakupanga kotetezeka komanso malo ozungulira.
Mwachitsanzo, kuphulika kwa mapaipi amafuta a Qingdao Huangdao pa Novembara 22, 2013 komanso kuphulika kwa malo osungira katundu owopsa a Tianjin Binhai New Area pa Ogasiti 2, 2015, kudawononga miyoyo ndi katundu wambiri mdzikolo ndi anthu. Zomwe zimayambitsa ngozizi zimayamba chifukwa cha kutayikira kwapakati.
Chifukwa chake, kutayikira kwazinthu zina zamafakitale sikunganyalanyazidwe ndipo kuyenera kuthetsedwa munthawi yake. Komabe, ndivuto laukadaulo momwe mungakonzere kutayikira kwa zida zomwe zikukakamizidwa ndipo zimakhala ndi zinthu zoyaka komanso zophulika kapena zida zapoizoni.
Kuyika kwa zida ndi kukakamiza, mafuta kapena zinthu zapoizoni ndi kuwotcherera kwapadera pansi pamikhalidwe yachilendo yogwirira ntchito. Ndizosiyana ndi zowotcherera wamba ndipo zimagogomezera chitetezo pakugwira ntchito. Njira zomangira chitetezo pofuna kupewa ngozi ziyenera kupangidwa musanawotchere kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo chapantchito, zowotcherera ndi antchito ena. Owotcherera ayenera kukhala odziwa zambiri komanso aluso. Nthawi yomweyo, payenera kukhala mainjiniya owotcherera omwe ali ndi luso laukadaulo kuti apereke chiwongolero chaukadaulo pamachitidwe osiyanasiyana otetezeka.
Mwachitsanzo, kwa mtundu wina wa thanki yamafuta, ndikofunikira kudziwa mphamvu, poyatsira, kukakamiza, ndi zina zamafuta mkati, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe kuvulala kwamunthu kapena ngozi zazikulu zachitetezo zomwe zidzachitike panthawi yowotcherera. isanamangidwe ndi kugwira ntchito.
Chifukwa chake, musanayambe komanso pakumanga kuwotcherera, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitika:
Choyamba, mpumulo wotetezeka. Musanawotchere kuti mutseke chotayirapo, ziyenera kudziwidwa ngati kukakamiza kwa zida zowotcherera kudzakhala kuvulaza munthu. Kapena mothandizidwa ndi gwero la kutentha kwa kuwotcherera, zidazo zimakhala ndi njira yotetezeka yopumira (monga valavu yotetezedwa yoyikidwa), etc.
Chachiwiri, kuwongolera kutentha. Musanayambe kuwotcherera, njira zonse zoziziritsira zopewera moto ndi kuteteza kuphulika ziyenera kuchitika. Pa kuwotcherera, zowotcherera ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa osachepera ndi osachepera kutentha athandizira otchulidwa ndondomeko zikalata, ndi chitetezo kuzirala njira ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pamene kuwotcherera kuteteza moto kapena kuphulika.
Chachitatu, anti-poisoning. Mukasindikiza ndi kuwotcherera ziwiya kapena mapaipi okhala ndi zinthu zapoizoni, mpweya wabwino wapoizoni wotuluka panthawi yake uyenera kuchitidwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, m`pofunika kuchita ntchito yabwino mu kuipitsa kudzipatula kwa outflow wa poizoni zinthu.
Zotsatirazi ndi njira zingapo zowotcherera zowotcherera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita uinjiniya kuti aliyense aphunzire ndikuwongolera.
1 Njira yowotcherera nyundo
Njira imeneyi ndi ntchito kuwotcherera njira ming'alu kapena matuza ndi pores a otsika-anzanu ziwiya ndi mapaipi. Gwiritsani ntchito maelekitirodi ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono powotcherera momwe mungathere, ndipo kuwotcherera panopa kuyenera kutsata ndondomekoyi. Opaleshoniyo imagwiritsa ntchito njira yowotcherera mwachangu, ndipo kutentha kwa arc kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa mphepete mwa kutayikira. Weld m'mphepete akumenyetsa weld.
2. njira kuwotcherera Riveting
Pamene ming'alu ina ili yaikulu kapena kukula kwa trachoma kapena bowo la mpweya ndi lalikulu, zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito nyundo yokhotakhota. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito waya wachitsulo woyenera kapena ndodo yowotcherera kuti muchepetse ming'alu kapena dzenje kuti muchepetse kuthamanga ndi kutuluka kwa kutayikira, ndiyeno gwiritsani ntchito kachidutswa kakang'ono kuti mwachangu Kuwotcherera kwachitika. Mfundo yaikulu ya njirayi ndi yakuti gawo limodzi lokha likhoza kutsekedwa panthawi imodzi, ndiyeno kuwotcherera mofulumira, gawo limodzi limatsekedwa ndipo gawo lina liri ndi welded. Monga momwe chithunzi 1 chikusonyezera
3. Top otaya kuwotcherera njira
Kuchucha kwina kumachitika chifukwa cha dzimbiri ndi kutha ndi kuwonda. Panthawiyi, musati kuwotcherera mwachindunji kutayikira, apo ayi n'zosavuta kuyambitsa kuwotcherera kwambiri ndi kutayikira zazikulu. Kuwotcherera kwa malo kuyenera kuchitidwa pamalo abwino pafupi kapena pansi pa kutayikira. Ngati m’malo amenewa mulibe kudontha, dziwe losungunuka liyenera kukhazikitsidwa kaye, ndiyeno, monga namzeze atagwira matope ndi kumanga chisa, liyenera kumangiriridwa potulukapo pang’onopang’ono, pang’onopang’ono kuchepetsa kukula kwa matopewo. m'derali, ndipo potsirizira pake gwiritsani ntchito electrode ya m'mimba mwake yaying'ono yokhala ndi kuwotcherera koyenera kuti mutseke kutayikira, monga momwe chithunzi 2 chikusonyezera.
4. Diversion kuwotcherera njira
Ndikoyenera kuwotcherera pamene malo otayira ndi aakulu, kuthamanga kwake kuli kwakukulu kapena kupanikizika kuli kwakukulu, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3. Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a kutayikira, pangani mbale yowonjezera ndi chipangizo chotseka. Pamene kutayikira kuli kwakukulu, gawo la chitoliro chosokoneza chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chipangizo chotseka, ndipo valve imayikidwapo; pamene kutayikira kuli kochepa, mtedza umayikidwa kale pa mbale yokonza. Dera la chigambacho liyenera kukhala lalikulu kuposa kutayikira. Malo a chipangizo chodulira pachigambacho ayenera kuyang'anizana ndi kutayikira. Bwalo la sealant limayikidwa pambali pa chigamba chomwe chakhudzana ndi kutayikira kuti malo otayira atuluke kuchokera mu chubu chowongolera. Kuchepetsa kutayikira kuzungulira chigamba. Pambuyo kukonza mbale ndi welded, kutseka valavu kapena kumangitsa mabawuti.
5. Njira yowotcherera manja
Pamene chitoliro chikutuluka m'dera lalikulu chifukwa cha dzimbiri kapena kuvala, gwiritsani ntchito chidutswa cha chitoliro chokhala ndi m'mimba mwake momwemo kapena kungokwanira kukumbatira m'mimba mwake ngati mkodzo, ndipo kutalika kwake kumadalira dera lomwe likutuluka. Dulani chubu cha manja molingana m'magawo awiri, ndikuwotcherera chubu chosokoneza. Njira yowotcherera yeniyeni ndiyofanana ndi njira yowotcherera. Pakuwotcherera, mphete ya chitoliro ndi manja aziwotcherera poyamba, ndipo chowotcherera cha manjacho chikhale chowotcherera komaliza, monga momwe chithunzi 4 chikusonyezera.
6. Kuwotcherera chidebe chotayira mafuta
Kuwotcherera mosalekeza sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa weld sikungakweze kwambiri, kuwotcherera malo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo kutentha kumatsitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo malo kuwotcherera mfundo zingapo, nthawi yomweyo kuziziritsa solder olowa ndi madzi ankawaviika thonje yopyapyala.
Nthawi zina, pamafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mozama njira zosiyanasiyana zomangira zomwe zili pamwambazi, ndipo plugging yowotcherera iyenera kukhala yosinthika kuti zitsimikizire kuti plugging yowotcherera ikuyenda bwino.
Komabe, sizinthu zonse zachitsulo zomwe zili zoyenera njira yolumikizira plugging. Zitsulo wamba otsika mpweya ndi otsika aloyi zitsulo angagwiritse ntchito pamwamba njira zosiyanasiyana pulagi.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic chiyenera kukonzedwa ndi kuwotcherera pamene zatsimikiziridwa kuti zitsulo zoyambira pafupi ndi kutayikira zimatha kupanga mapindikidwe akuluakulu apulasitiki, apo ayi sangathe kukonzedwa ndi kuwotcherera.
Sing'anga mu chitoliro chachitsulo chosagwira kutentha nthawi zambiri chimakhala kutentha kwambiri komanso nthunzi yothamanga kwambiri. Kutayikira komwe kumachitika pambuyo pa ntchito yayitali sikungathe kukonzedwa pansi pamavuto. Chitsulo chotsika kwambiri sichiloledwa kukonzedwa ndi kuwotcherera kwa makina otentha.
The pamwamba zosiyanasiyana kuwotcherera plugging njira zonse zosakhalitsa, ndipo alibe mawotchi zimatha zitsulo kuti chingapezeke mwa kuwotcherera mwatsatanetsatane. Pamene zipangizo zili pansi pa chikhalidwe cha kupanikizika ndi palibe sing'anga, plugging kwakanthawi ndi kuwotcherera boma ayenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, ndi kukonzanso wewelded kapena kukonzedwa m'njira zina kukwaniritsa zofunika ntchito mankhwala.
mwachidule
Ukadaulo wowotcherera plugging ndiukadaulo wadzidzidzi womwe umafunika pakupanga kosalekeza ndi chitukuko chamakono. Zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti muthane ndi ngozi zotuluka, ndipo kutayikirako kuyenera kusinthidwa pambuyo pake. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa leak plugging kuyenera kusinthika. Pofuna kuthana ndi kutayikira, njira zingapo zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito powotcherera limodzi. Cholinga ndi kupewa kutayikira pambuyo kuwotcherera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-22-2023
