Ngakhale gawo limodzi lokha la makina okulirapo, nsonga yolumikizirana mumfuti zonse za robotic ndi semiautomatic gas metal arc welding (GMAW) imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira popereka mawonekedwe omveka bwino. Zitha kukhalanso zofananira pakupanga ndi phindu la ntchito yanu yowotcherera - nthawi yocheperako yosintha kwambiri ikhoza kukhala yowononga pakugwiritsa ntchito komanso mtengo wantchito ndi zida.
Ntchito zazikulu za nsonga yolumikizirana ndikuwongolera waya wowotcherera ndikusamutsa magetsi ku waya akamadutsa pobowola. Cholinga chake ndi kukhala ndi chakudya cha waya kudzera pansonga yolumikizana bwino, ndikusunga kulumikizana kwakukulu. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito saizi yoyenera yolumikizirana - kapena m'mimba mwake (ID) - pakugwiritsa ntchito. Waya wowotcherera ndi kuwotcherera zonse zimakhudza kusankha (Chithunzi 1).
Impact of Welding Wire pa Contact Tip Size
Ma waya atatu owotcherera amakhudza mwachindunji kusankha nsonga yolumikizirana ndi pulogalamu inayake:
▪ Mtundu wa waya
▪ Waya
▪ Waya wabwino
Mtundu-Opanga maupangiri olumikizana nawo nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa maupangiri amtundu wa mawaya omwe amafanana nawo, monga xxx-xx-45 nsonga yolumikizira waya wa 0.045-inch. Nthawi zina, komabe, zingakhale bwino kutsitsa kapena kukulitsa nsonga yolumikizirana ndi mainchesi a waya.
The muyezo tolerances wa mawaya kuwotcherera zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu. Mwachitsanzo, American Welding Society (AWS) code 5.18 imalola ± 0.001-in. kulolerana kwa 0.045-in. mawaya olimba, ndi ± 0.002-in. kulolerana kwa 0.045-in. mawaya a tubular. Mawaya a tubular ndi aluminiyamu, omwe ndi ofewa, amagwira ntchito bwino ndi malangizo olumikizirana okhazikika kapena okulirapo omwe amawalola kuti azitha kudya ndi mphamvu yochepa komanso osapumira kapena kugwedezeka mkati mwa chodyera kapena mfuti yowotcherera.
Mawaya olimba, mosiyana, amakhala olimba kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali zovuta zochepa zodyetsa, zomwe zimawalola kuti aziphatikizana ndi maupangiri ocheperako.
Oyimba—Chifukwa chowonjezera ndi kuchepetsa nsonga yolumikizana sikukhudzana ndi mtundu wa waya, komanso kuponyedwa kwake ndi helix. Kuponyedwa kumatanthawuza kukula kwa chingwe cha waya pamene utali wa waya watulutsidwa kuchokera pa phukusi ndikuyikidwa pamalo athyathyathya - makamaka, kupindika kwa waya. Kutalika kwapakati pa oponya ndi 40 mpaka 45 mu; ngati waya woponya ndi wocheperako kuposa uwu, musagwiritse ntchito nsonga yolumikizirana yocheperako.
Helix imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa waya wokwera kuchokera pamtunda wathyathyathya, ndipo sayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 1 in.
AWS imakhazikitsa zofunikira pa waya cast ndi helix monga kuwongolera kwabwino kuwonetsetsa kuti mawaya akupezeka m'njira yomwe imathandizira kuti ntchito yowotcherera igwire bwino.
Njira yofananira yopezera nambala yochulukirapo ya waya woponyedwa ndi kukula kwa phukusi. Waya wopakidwa mapaketi ambiri, monga ng'oma kapena reel, amatha kukhala okulirapo kapena owongoka kuposa waya wopakidwa mu spool kapena koyilo.
"Waya wowongoka" ndi malo ogulitsa omwe amagulitsidwa mawaya ambiri, chifukwa ndikosavuta kudyetsa mawaya owongoka kuposa mawaya opindika. Opanga ena amapotozanso waya pamene akuinyamula mu ng'oma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wayayo apange sine wave m'malo mwa lupu pamene akutulutsidwa kunja kwa phukusi. Mawayawa ali ndi kuponya kwakukulu (100 mkati kapena kupitilira apo) ndipo amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi maupangiri ocheperako.
Waya wodyetsedwa kuchokera ku spool yaying'ono, komabe, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino - pafupifupi 30-in. kapena mainchesi ang'onoang'ono-ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunikira nsonga yolumikizirana kapena yokulirapo kuti apereke mawonekedwe oyenera odyetsa.
Chithunzi 1
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zowotcherera, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi nsonga yolumikizirana yoyenera pakugwiritsa ntchito. Waya wowotcherera ndi kuwotcherera zonse zimakhudza kusankha.
Ubwino—Ubwino wa waya umakhudzanso kusankha nsonga yolumikizana. Kuwongolera pakuwongolera kwabwino kwapangitsa kuti mawaya akuwotcherera akunja (OD) akhale olondola kuposa zaka zapitazo, motero amadya bwino. Waya wapamwamba kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, amapereka m'mimba mwake mokhazikika ndi kuponyedwa, komanso yunifolomu yamkuwa yophimba pamwamba; waya uwu ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi nsonga yolumikizana yomwe ili ndi ID yaying'ono, chifukwa palibe nkhawa yokhudzana ndi waya kapena kinking. Waya wapamwamba kwambiri wa tubular amapereka ubwino womwewo, pamodzi ndi zosalala, zotetezeka zomwe zimalepheretsa waya kuti asatseguke panthawi yodyetsa.
Waya wosakhazikika bwino womwe sunapangidwe mokhazikika ukhoza kukhala wovuta kudyetsa mawaya ndi ma arc osokonekera. Maupangiri ocheperako samalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mawaya omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya OD.
Monga kusamala, mukasintha mtundu wina kapena mtundu wa waya, ndikofunikira kuti muwunikenso kukula kwa nsonga yolumikizirana kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwakwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna.
Zotsatira za Njira Yowotcherera
M'zaka zaposachedwa kusintha kwa mafakitale opanga ndi kupanga kwachititsa kusintha kwa njira yowotcherera, komanso kukula kwa nsonga yolumikizirana yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, m'makampani opanga magalimoto komwe ma OEM akugwiritsa ntchito zida zocheperako (komanso zamphamvu) kuti zithandizire kuchepetsa kulemera kwagalimoto ndikuwongolera mafuta, opanga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito magwero amagetsi okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, monga pulsed kapena kusinthidwa kwafupipafupi. Mafunde apamwambawa amathandizira kuchepetsa spatter ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera. Kuwotcherera kwamtunduwu, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira kuwotcherera kwa robotic, sikulolera kusokonekera komwe kumachitika ndipo kumafunikira malangizo olumikizirana omwe angapereke mawonekedwe oyenda bwino ku waya wowotcherera.
Mu njira yowotcherera ya pulse pogwiritsa ntchito 0.045-in. waya wolimba, nsonga yapamwamba imatha kukhala yayikulu kuposa 550 amps, ndipo liwiro laposachedwa litha kukhala loposa 1 ´ 106 amp/sec. Zotsatira zake, mawonekedwe a nsonga-to-waya amagwira ntchito ngati chosinthira pafupipafupi, chomwe ndi 150 mpaka 200 Hz.
Moyo wolumikizana nawo pakuwotcherera kwa pulse nthawi zambiri ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka GMAW, kapena kuwotcherera pafupipafupi-voltage (CV). Kusankha nsonga yolumikizirana ndi ID yaying'ono pang'ono pawaya yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonetsetse kuti nsonga/waya wosakanizidwa ndi wotsika kwambiri kotero kuti ma arcing amphamvu sachitika. Mwachitsanzo, waya wolimba wa 0.045-in.-diameter angagwirizane bwino ndi nsonga yolumikizana ndi ID ya 0.049 mpaka 0.050 in.
Ntchito zowotcherera pamanja kapena semiautomatic zimafunikira malingaliro osiyanasiyana pankhani yosankha kukula koyenera. Mfuti zowotcherera za Semiautomatic nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitali komanso zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuposa mfuti za robotic. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kupindika kwakukulu pakhosi, komwe kumalola wowotchererayo kuti azitha kulumikizana bwino ndi weld. Khosi yokhala ndi ngodya yayikulu yopindika imapangitsa kuti waya wothina kwambiri akamadyetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kusankha nsonga yolumikizirana yokhala ndi ID yokulirapo pang'ono kuti muzitha kuyamwitsa waya wosalala. Izi kwenikweni ndi gulu lachikhalidwe cha makulidwe a maupangiri. Ambiri opanga mfuti zowotcherera amayika kukula kwawo kolumikizana ndi nsonga malinga ndi semiautomatic application. Mwachitsanzo, 0.045-in. mawaya olimba apakati angagwirizane ndi nsonga yolumikizana ndi ID ya 0.052 mpaka 0.055 in.
Zotsatira za Kukula kwa Maupangiri Olakwika
Kukula kolakwika kwa nsonga yolumikizirana, kaya yayikulu kwambiri kapena yaying'ono kwambiri pamtundu wake, kuponyedwa, komanso mtundu wa waya womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito, kungayambitse mawaya osokonekera kapena kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa ma arc. Mwachindunji, maupangiri olumikizana ndi ma ID omwe ali ang'onoang'ono amatha kupangitsa waya kuti alowe mkati mwa bobo, zomwe zimatsogolera pakuwotcha (Chithunzi 2). Zitha kuyambitsanso kukwera kwa mbalame, komwe kumakhala kuphatikizika kwa waya m'mizere yoyendetsera mawaya.
Chithunzi 2
Burnback (waya wodzaza ndi waya) ndi imodzi mwa njira zolephereka za maupangiri olumikizana. Zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mainchesi amkati (ID).
Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, maupangiri okhudzana ndi ID yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuti mawaya apakati amatha kulola waya kuyendayenda pamene ikudutsa. Kuyendayenda kumeneku kumabweretsa kusakhazikika bwino kwa arc, spatter yayikulu, kusakanizika kosakwanira, komanso kusalumikizana bwino kwa weld mu olowa. Zochitika izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwotcherera kugunda kwamphamvu; nsonga ya keyhole (Chithunzi 3) mlingo (kuvala mlingo) wa nsonga yolumikizirana yokulirapo imatha kuwirikiza kawiri ya nsonga yolumikizirana yocheperako.
Mfundo Zina
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa ndondomeko yowotcherera musanasankhe kukula kwa nsonga ya ntchitoyo. Kumbukirani kuti ntchito yachitatu ya nsonga kukhudzana ndi kuchita monga fusesi wa dongosolo kuwotcherera. Mavuto aliwonse mu powertrain wa kuwotcherera loop ndi (ndipo ayenera) kuwonetsedwa ngati kukhudzana nsonga kulephera poyamba. Ngati nsonga yolumikizanayo yalephera mosiyana kapena msanga mu selo limodzi kuyerekeza ndi mbewu yonse, selolo liyenera kukonzedwa bwino.
Ndibwinonso kuunikira kulekerera kwa opaleshoni yanu pachiwopsezo; ndiye kuti, zimawononga ndalama zingati pamene nsonga yolumikizana yalephera. Mu pulogalamu ya semiautomatic, mwachitsanzo, ndizotheka kuti wowotcherera amatha kuzindikira mwachangu vuto lililonse ndikusintha nsonga yolephera yolumikizirana mwachuma. Komabe, mtengo wa kulephera kwa nsonga yolumikizana mosayembekezereka pakuwotcherera kwa robot ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa wowotcherera pamanja. Pankhaniyi, muyenera maupangiri olumikizana nawo omwe amagwira ntchito modalirika pakadutsa nthawi pakati pa kusintha kwa upangiri wolumikizana, mwachitsanzo, kusintha kumodzi. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowona kuti m'ntchito zambiri zowotcherera zama robotiki, kukhazikika kwamtundu womwe umaperekedwa ndi nsonga yolumikizira ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira nthawi yayitali.
Kumbukirani kuti awa ndi malamulo wamba posankha kukhudzana nsonga kukula. Kuti mudziwe kukula koyenera, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana maupangiri olephera kukhudzana ndi mbewu. Ngati maupangiri ambiri olephera kulumikizana ali ndi mawaya mkati, nsonga yolumikizirana ndi yaying'ono kwambiri.
Ngati nsonga zambiri zolephera zolumikizana zilibe mawaya, koma mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso osawoneka bwino, zingakhale zothandiza kusankha maupangiri ocheperako.
Chithunzi 3
Kuchulukirachulukira kwa keyhole ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zolephereka kwambiri zamaupangiri olumikizirana. Nayonso imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mainchesi amkati (ID).
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-02-2023
