Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo komanso kutukuka kwachuma, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kukukulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo alowa m'magawo ambiri azamakampani komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
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Nayitrojeni ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha mpweya, chomwe chimawerengera pafupifupi 78% ya mpweya. Elemental nitrogen N2 ndi mpweya wopanda mtundu komanso wopanda fungo nthawi zonse. Kuchuluka kwa gasi pansi pa chikhalidwe chokhazikika ndi 1.25 g/L. Malo osungunuka ndi -210 ℃ ndipo malo owira ndi -196 ℃. Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndi firiji yotentha kwambiri (-196 ℃).
Lero tikuwonetsa njira zingapo zazikulu zopangira nayitrogeni kunyumba ndi kunja.
Pali njira zitatu zopangira nayitrogeni m'mafakitale: cryogenic mpweya kupatukana nayitrogeni kupanga, kuthamanga swing adsorption nayitrogeni kupanga, ndi nembanemba kupatukana nayitrogeni kupanga.
Choyamba: Njira yopangira nayitrogeni yolekanitsa mpweya wa Cryogenic
Kupanga kwa nayitrogeni kwa mpweya wa Cryogenic ndi njira yachikhalidwe yopanga nayitrogeni yokhala ndi mbiri pafupifupi zaka makumi angapo. Imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya ngati zinthu zopangira, kukakamiza ndikuyeretsa, kenako imagwiritsa ntchito kusinthana kwa kutentha kuti isungunuke mpweya kukhala mpweya wamadzimadzi. Mpweya wamadzimadzi umakhala wosakanikirana ndi mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi. Zosiyanasiyana zowira za mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwalekanitsa kudzera mu distillation ya mpweya wamadzimadzi kuti apeze nayitrogeni.
Ubwino: kupanga mpweya waukulu komanso kuyera kwakukulu kwa nayitrogeni wazinthu. Kupanga nayitrogeni wa Cryogenic sikungangotulutsa nayitrogeni komanso nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi, womwe umakwaniritsa zofunikira za nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndipo ukhoza kusungidwa m'matangi osungiramo nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi. Pamene pali intermitten nayitrogeni katundu kapena kukonza zazing'ono mpweya kulekana zida, madzi asafe mu thanki yosungirako amalowa vaporizer ndi usavutike mtima, ndiyeno kutumizidwa ku mankhwala nayitrogeni payipi kukumana nayitrogeni kufunika kwa ndondomeko unit. Kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ka kupanga nayitrogeni wa cryogenic (kutanthauza nthawi yapakati pa kutenthetsa kwakukulu kuwiri) nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopitilira chaka chimodzi, motero kupanga nayitrogeni wa cryogenic sikumawonedwa ngati kuyimirira.
Zoipa: Kupanga kwa nayitrogeni wa Cryogenic kumatha kutulutsa nayitrogeni ndi chiyero cha ≧99.999%, koma chiyero cha nayitrogeni chimachepa ndi katundu wa nayitrogeni, kuchuluka kwa ma tray, mphamvu ya tray ndi kuyera kwa okosijeni mumlengalenga wamadzimadzi, ndipo kusintha kosintha kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pagulu la zida zopangira nayitrogeni za cryogenic, kuyera kwazinthuzo kumakhala kotsimikizika komanso kovutirapo kusintha. Popeza njira ya cryogenic imachitika pakutentha kotsika kwambiri, zidazo ziyenera kukhala ndi njira yoyambira kuziziritsa isanagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino. Nthawi yoyambira, ndiye kuti, nthawi yoyambira kukulitsa mpaka nthawi yomwe kuyeretsedwa kwa nayitrogeni kumafika pakufunika, nthawi zambiri sikuchepera maola 12; zida zisanalowe pakukonzanso, ziyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yotenthetsa ndi kusungunuka, nthawi zambiri maola 24. Chifukwa chake, zida zopangira nayitrogeni za cryogenic zisayambike ndikuyimitsidwa pafupipafupi, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti zizigwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kuonjezera apo, ndondomeko ya cryogenic ndi yovuta, imakhala ndi malo akuluakulu, imakhala ndi ndalama zambiri za zomangamanga, imafuna mphamvu yapadera yokonza, imakhala ndi anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito, ndipo imapanga mpweya pang'onopang'ono (maola 18 mpaka 24). Ndiwoyenera kupanga nayitrogeni wamakampani akuluakulu.
Chachiwiri: Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) Njira Yopangira Nitrogen
Tekinoloje ya Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) yolekanitsa gasi ndi nthambi yofunikira yaukadaulo wolekanitsa gasi wopanda cryogenic. Ndi zotsatira za khama la anthu kwa nthawi yaitali kuti apeze njira yosavuta yolekanitsa mpweya kusiyana ndi njira ya cryogenic.
M'zaka za m'ma 1970, West German Essen Mining Company idachita bwino kupanga ma sieve a carbon molecular, kutsegulira njira yopangira mafakitale a PSA olekanitsa mpweya kupanga nayitrogeni. Pazaka 30 zapitazi, ukadaulo uwu wakula mwachangu komanso kukhwima. Yakhala mpikisano wamphamvu wa kupatukana kwa mpweya wa cryogenic m'munda wa nayitrogeni waung'ono ndi wapakatikati.
Pressure swing adsorption nitrogen adsorption imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya ngati zopangira komanso sieve ya carbon molecular monga adsorbent. Amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a carbon molecular sieve's selective adsorption of oxygen and nitrogen in mlengalenga, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya pressure swing adsorption (pressure adsorption, pressure reduction desorption and molecular sieve regeneration) kulekanitsa mpweya ndi nayitrogeni kutentha kwa chipinda kuti apange nayitrogeni.
Poyerekeza ndi cryogenic mpweya kupatukana nayitrogeni kupanga, kuthamanga kugwedezeka adsorption nayitrogeni kupanga ali ndi ubwino waukulu: adsorption kulekana ikuchitika kutentha firiji, ndondomeko ndi yosavuta, zipangizo ndi yaying'ono, phazi laling'ono, n'zosavuta kuyamba ndi kuyimitsa, izo. imayamba mwachangu, kupanga gasi kumakhala mwachangu (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi mphindi 30), kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumakhala kochepa, mtengo wogwirira ntchito ndi wotsika, kuchuluka kwa automation ndikwambiri, ntchito ndi kukonza ndizosavuta, kuyika kwa skid ndikosavuta, palibe maziko apadera. chofunika, mankhwala nayitrogeni chiyero akhoza kusintha mu osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, ndi nayitrogeni kupanga ndi ≤3000Nm3/h. Choncho, kuthamanga kwa adsorption adsorption nayitrogeni ndikoyenera kwambiri kugwira ntchito pakanthawi kochepa.
Komabe, mpaka pano, anzawo apakhomo ndi akunja amatha kupanga nayitrogeni ndi chiyero cha 99.9% (ie, O2≤0.1%) pogwiritsa ntchito luso la PSA nitrogen. Makampani ena amatha kupanga 99.99% ya nayitrogeni yoyera (O2≤0.01%). Kuyera kwapamwamba kumatheka malinga ndi luso la PSA yopanga nayitrogeni, koma mtengo wopangira ndi wokwera kwambiri ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito sangavomereze. Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito luso la PSA kupanga nayitrogeni kuti apange nayitrogeni woyeretsedwa kwambiri ayeneranso kuwonjezera chipangizo choyeretsera pambuyo pa siteji.
Njira yoyeretsera nayitrogeni (sikelo yamakampani)
(1) Njira ya hydrogen deoxygenation.
Pansi pa chothandizira, mpweya wotsalira mu nayitrogeni umakhudzidwa ndi haidrojeni wowonjezera kuti apange madzi, ndipo chilinganizo chake ndi: 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O. Kenaka, madzi amachotsedwa ndi nitrogen compressor yowonjezera yowonjezera, ndipo nayitrogeni yoyera kwambiri yokhala ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zotsatirazi imapezeka poyanika: N2≥99.999%, O2≤5×10-6, H2≤1500× 10-6, H2O≤10.7×10-6. Mtengo wopangira nayitrogeni ndi pafupifupi 0.5 yuan/m3.
(2) Njira ya Hydrogenation ndi deoxygenation.
Njirayi imagawidwa m'magawo atatu: gawo loyamba ndi hydrogenation ndi deoxygenation, gawo lachiwiri ndi dehydrogenation, ndipo gawo lachitatu ndi kuchotsa madzi. Nayitrogeni yoyera yokhala ndi zotsatirazi imapezeka: N2 ≥ 99.999%, O2 ≤ 5 × 10-6, H2 ≤ 5 × 10-6, H2O ≤ 10.7 × 10-6. Mtengo wopangira nayitrogeni ndi pafupifupi 0.6 yuan/m3.
(3) Njira ya carbon deoxygenation.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chothandizira chothandizira mpweya (pa kutentha kwina), mpweya wotsalira mu nayitrogeni wamba umakhudzidwa ndi mpweya woperekedwa ndi chothandizira kuti apange CO2. Njira yochitira: C + O2 = CO2. Pambuyo pa gawo lotsatira la kuchotsa CO2 ndi H2O, nayitrogeni yoyera kwambiri yokhala ndi zolemba zotsatirazi imapezeka: N2 ≥ 99.999%, O2 ≤ 5 × 10-6, CO2 ≤ 5 × 10-6, H2O ≤ 10.7 × 10-6. Mtengo wopangira nayitrogeni ndi pafupifupi 0.6 yuan/m3.
Chachitatu: Kupatukana kwa membrane ndi kupatukana kwa mpweya Kupanga nayitrogeni
Kupatukana kwa ma membrane ndi kupatukana kwa mpweya kupanga nayitrogeni ndi nthambi yatsopano yaukadaulo wopanga nayitrogeni wopanda cryogenic. Ndi njira yatsopano yopangira nayitrogeni yomwe idakula mwachangu kunja kwa 1980s. Zalimbikitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku China m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Kupatukana kwa ma membrane Kupanga nayitrogeni kumagwiritsa ntchito mpweya ngati zinthu zopangira. Pakupanikizika kwina, imagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi nayitrogeni mu nembanemba ya m'mphako kuti ilekanitse mpweya ndi nayitrogeni kuti apange nayitrogeni. Poyerekeza ndi njira ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambazi zopangira nayitrogeni, ili ndi mawonekedwe a zida zosavuta, voliyumu yaying'ono, palibe valavu yosinthira, ntchito yosavuta ndi kukonza, kupanga gasi mwachangu (mphindi 3), komanso kukulitsa mphamvu.
Komabe, ma nembanemba opanda kanthu amakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri paukhondo wa mpweya woponderezedwa. Ma nembanembawa amatha kukalamba komanso kulephera, ndipo ndizovuta kukonza. Ma nembanemba atsopano amafunika kusinthidwa.
Kupatukana kwa ma membrane kupanga nayitrogeni ndikoyenera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati omwe ali ndi zofunikira za nayitrogeni ≤98%, ndipo ali ndi chiŵerengero chamtengo wapatali cha ntchito panthawiyi; pamene chiyero cha nayitrogeni chikuyenera kukhala chapamwamba kuposa 98%, chimakhala chokwera 30% kuposa chipangizo chopangira nayitrogeni chamtundu womwewo. Choncho, pamene nayitrogeni woyeretsedwa kwambiri amapangidwa pophatikiza kupanga kwa membrane kulekana kwa nayitrogeni ndi zida zoyeretsera nayitrogeni, chiyero cha nayitrogeni nthawi zambiri chimakhala 98%, zomwe zidzakulitsa mtengo wopangira ndi mtengo wogwirira ntchito wa chipangizo choyeretsera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-24-2024
