Okondedwa abwenzi, ntchito zowotcherera zamagetsi zomwe mukuchita zitha kukhala zowopsa za utsi wachitsulo, zowopsa zamagesi, komanso zoopsa za radiation ya arc pakugwira ntchito. Ndiyenera kukudziwitsani za zoopsa ndi njira zodzitetezera!
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1. Zowopsa za ntchito zowotcherera magetsi
(1) Zowopsa za utsi wachitsulo:
The zikuchokera kuwotcherera fume zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa kuwotcherera ndodo ntchito. Panthawi yowotcherera, kutulutsa kwa arc kumapanga kutentha kwakukulu kwa 4000 mpaka 6000 ° C. Pamene kusungunula ndodo yowotcherera ndi kuwotcherera, utsi wambiri umapangidwa, womwe umapangidwa makamaka ndi iron oxide, manganese oxide, silica, silicate, etc. m'mapapo.
Kukoka mpweya kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse zotupa za fibrous m'mapapo, zomwe zimatchedwa welder's pneumoconiosis, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatsagana ndi zovuta monga poizoni wa manganese, fluorosis ndi fume fever.
Odwala makamaka amakhala ndi zizindikiro za kupuma monga chifuwa cholimba, kupweteka pachifuwa, kupuma movutikira, ndi chifuwa, limodzi ndi mutu, kufooka kwakukulu ndi zizindikiro zina. Ntchito ya mapapo a Qi imawonongekanso pamlingo wina.
(2) Kuopsa kwa mpweya woipa:
Pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuwala kwamphamvu kwa ultraviolet komwe kumapangidwa ndi kuwotcherera arc, mpweya wambiri woipa, monga nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ozone, etc., udzapangidwa kuzungulira dera la arc.
Pamene kuchuluka kwa hemoglobini kumaphatikizana ndi carbon monoxide, mpweya umataya mwayi wophatikizana ndi hemoglobini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lisathe kunyamula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu ya munthu ife chifukwa chosowa mpweya.
(3) Zowopsa za arc radiation:
Kuwala kwa arc komwe kumapangidwa ndi kuwotcherera kumaphatikizapo kunyezimira kwa infrared, kuwala kowoneka ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet. Pakati pawo, kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumawononga thupi la munthu makamaka chifukwa cha zotsatira za photochemical. Zimawononga maso ndi khungu lowonekera, kumayambitsa keratoconjunctivitis (photoophthalmia) ndi khungu la biliary erythema.
Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi monga kupweteka kwa maso, kung'ambika, kufiira kwa zikope ndi kuphipha. Pambuyo poyang'aniridwa ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet, khungu likhoza kuwoneka edematous erythema ndi malire omveka bwino. Pazovuta kwambiri, matuza, exudate ndi edema amatha kuwoneka, komanso kumveka koyaka moto.
2. Zotsatira zowopsa za kuwotcherera kwamagetsi
1. Anthu amene akhala akugwira ntchito yowotcherera magetsi kwa nthawi yaitali ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga pneumoconiosis.
2. Mpweya woopsa ukhoza kutulutsidwa panthawi ya opaleshoniyo, kuopseza thanzi la anthu ngakhale moyo.
3. Kuwotcherera magetsi kungayambitse keratoconjunctivitis (electrophotophthalmia) ndi khungu la biliary erythema.
3. Njira zodzitetezera
(1) Sinthani ukadaulo wowotcherera ndikuwongolera njira zowotcherera ndi zida
Mwa kukonza ukadaulo wowotcherera, titha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa thupi la munthu chifukwa cha ntchito zowotcherera. Popeza zoopsa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuwotcherera zimagwirizana ndi kapangidwe ka ma elekitirodi, kusankha ma elekitirodi opanda poizoni kapena otsika ndi njira imodzi yochepetsera ngozi zowotcherera.
(2) Kusintha mpweya wabwino pantchito
Njira zopangira mpweya zimatha kugawidwa mu mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe komanso mpweya wabwino wamakina. Mpweya wamakina umadalira mphamvu yopangidwa ndi mafani kuti asinthe mpweya. Zili ndi zotsatira zabwino zochotsa fumbi ndi detoxification. Choncho, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito powotchera m'nyumba kapena malo otsekedwa opanda mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe. Njira zamakina mpweya wabwino.
(3) Limbikitsani njira zodzitetezera
Kulimbitsa chitetezo chamunthu kumatha kupewa kuvulaza kwa mpweya wapoizoni ndi fumbi lomwe limapangidwa powotcherera. Oyendetsa galimoto ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi odzitetezera oyenera, zishango zakumaso, masks, magolovesi, zovala zodzitetezera zoyera, ndi nsapato zotsekera. Asavale zovala za manja aafupi kapena manja opindila. Ngati akugwira ntchito mu chidebe chotsekedwa ndi mpweya woipa, ayeneranso kuvala zovala zoteteza. Chipewa choteteza chokhala ndi ntchito yopereka mpweya.
(4) Limbikitsani chitetezo cha ntchito kulengeza ntchito ndi maphunziro
Ogwira ntchito zowotcherera amayenera kuphunzitsidwa zachitetezo chofunikira pantchito komanso chidziwitso chaumoyo kuti athe kuzindikira kudziletsa komanso kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa ntchito. Komanso, tiyenera kulimbikitsanso kuyang'anira kuopsa kwa fumbi kumalo ogwirira ntchito kuwotcherera ndi kuyang'anitsitsa zowotcherera kuti tipeze ndi kuthetsa mavuto panthawi yake.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-19-2023
