【Abstract】Kuwotcherera kwa gasi wa Tungsten ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pakuwotcherera kwamakono kwa mafakitale. Pepalali likuwunika kupsinjika kwa dziwe lowotcherera lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi kuwotcherera kwa mbale yopyapyala, ndikuyambitsa njira yowotcherera zofunika ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwa gasi wa tungsten wamba zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Mawu Oyamba
Ndi kukula kosalekeza kwa mafakitale amakono opanga, mbale zosapanga dzimbiri zopyapyala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poteteza, ndege, makampani opanga mankhwala, zamagetsi ndi mafakitale ena, komanso kuwotcherera kwa mbale zopyapyala za 1-3mm zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zikuchulukiranso. Choncho, m'pofunika kwambiri kuti adziwe ndondomeko zofunika za zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri woonda mbale kuwotcherera.
Tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) imagwiritsa ntchito pulsed arc, yomwe imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono, kutentha kwakukulu, kagawo kakang'ono kamene kakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, kapangidwe kakang'ono kowotcherera, kulowetsa kutentha kwa yunifolomu, ndikuwongolera bwino mphamvu za mzere; mpweya wotetezera umakhala ndi zotsatira zoziziritsa panthawi yowotcherera, zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka ndikuwonjezera kugwedezeka kwa pamwamba pa dziwe losungunuka; TIG ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, yosavuta kuwona momwe dziwe losungunuka lilili, ma welds wandiweyani, mawotchi abwino, komanso mawonekedwe okongola a pamwamba. Panopa, TIG chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, makamaka kuwotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mbale woonda.
1. Zofunikira zaukadaulo za kuwotcherera kwa mpweya wa tungsten
1.1 Kusankhidwa kwa makina owotcherera a tungsten inert ndi mphamvu polarity
TIG ikhoza kugawidwa mu DC ndi AC pulses. DC kugunda TIG makamaka ntchito kuwotcherera zitsulo, zitsulo wofatsa, zitsulo zosagwira kutentha, etc., ndi AC kugunda TIG zimagwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera zitsulo kuwala monga aluminiyamu, magnesium, mkuwa ndi kabisidwe ake. Ma pulse a AC ndi DC amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi otsika kwambiri. TIG kuwotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mbale woonda nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa DC zabwino kulumikiza.
1.2 Zofunikira zaukadaulo pakuwotcherera gasi wa tungsten inert
1.2.1 Arc kuyambira
Kuyambira kwa Arc kuli ndi mitundu iwiri: kusalumikizana ndi kulumikizana kwafupipafupi arc kuyambira. Yoyamba ilibe kukhudzana pakati pa elekitirodi ndi workpiece, amene ali oyenera onse DC ndi AC kuwotcherera, pamene yotsirizira ndi oyenera DC kuwotcherera. Ngati njira yachidule ikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa arc, arc sayenera kuyambika mwachindunji pa weldment, chifukwa n'zosavuta kupanga tungsten clamping kapena kumamatira ndi workpiece, arc sangathe kukhazikika nthawi yomweyo, ndipo arc ndi yosavuta. kuswa zinthu za makolo. Chifukwa chake, mbale yoyambira ya arc iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbale yamkuwa iyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi poyambira arc. Arc iyenera kuyambika poyamba, ndiyeno mutu wa tungsten electrode uyenera kutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwina musanasunthire ku gawo kuti liwotchedwe. Popanga kwenikweni, TIG nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito arc starter kuyambitsa arc. Pansi pa zochitika zaposachedwa kwambiri kapena zamphamvu kwambiri, mpweya wa argon ndi ionized ndipo arc imayamba.
1.2.2 Kuyika kuwotcherera
Poyika kuwotcherera, waya wowotcherera uyenera kukhala woonda kuposa waya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa kutentha kumakhala kochepa komanso kuzizira kumakhala kofulumira panthawi yowotcherera malo, arc imakhala kwa nthawi yaitali, choncho imakhala yosavuta kuwotcha. Mukawotcherera pamalo osakhazikika, waya wowotcherera uyenera kuyikidwa pamalo omwe amawotcherera, ndipo arc iyenera kusunthidwa ku waya wowotchererayo ikakhazikika. Waya wowotcherera ukasungunuka ndikuphatikiza ndi zida za makolo mbali zonse, arc imayimitsidwa mwachangu.
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1.2.3 kuwotcherera mwachizolowezi
TIG wamba ikagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zamakono zimatengedwa ngati mtengo wocheperako. Komabe, pamene panopa ndi zosakwana 20A, arc Drift n'zosavuta kuchitika, ndi cathode malo kutentha ndi mkulu kwambiri, zomwe zingachititse kutentha ndi kuyatsa m'dera kuwotcherera ndi kuwonongeka ma elekitironi umuna, kuchititsa malo cathode kulumpha mosalekeza. , zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusunga kuwotcherera kwabwinobwino. Pamene kugunda kwa TIG kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, nsonga yapamwamba imatha kupangitsa kuti arc ikhale yokhazikika komanso yolunjika bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusungunula zinthu za makolo ndikuzipanga, ndikusinthana pang'onopang'ono kuonetsetsa kuti kuwotcherera kukuyenda bwino, kuti mupeze chowotcherera. ndi machitidwe abwino, maonekedwe okongola, ndi maiwe osungunuka osungunuka.
2. Weldability kusanthula pepala zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri
The thupi katundu ndi mbale mawonekedwe a zosapanga dzimbiri pepala zitsulo zimakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa weld. Pepala lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri lili ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka matenthedwe komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono kakukulirakulira. Pamene kutentha kwa kuwotcherera kumasintha mofulumira, kupsinjika kwa kutentha komwe kumapangidwa kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo ndikosavuta kuwotcha, kutsika pang'ono ndi mafunde. Wowotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera matako. Dziwe losungunuka limakhudzidwa makamaka ndi mphamvu ya arc, mphamvu yokoka ya chitsulo chosungunula cha dziwe ndi kugwedezeka kwa pamwamba kwa chitsulo chosungunuka cha dziwe. Pamene voliyumu, misa ndi yosungunuka m'lifupi mwake mwachitsulo chosungunula chachitsulo chimakhala chokhazikika, kuya kwa dziwe losungunuka kumadalira kukula kwa arc. Kuzama kosungunuka ndi mphamvu ya arc zimagwirizana ndi kuwotcherera pano, ndipo m'lifupi mwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu ya arc.
Kuchuluka kwa dziwe losungunuka, kumapangitsanso kugwedezeka kwapamwamba. Pamene kugwedezeka kwa pamwamba sikungathe kulinganiza mphamvu ya arc ndi mphamvu yokoka ya chitsulo chosungunula cha dziwe, zimapangitsa kuti dziwe losungunuka liwotchedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwotchererako kumatenthedwa m'deralo ndikukhazikika panthawi yowotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nkhawa komanso kupsinjika. Pamene kufupikitsa kotalika kwa weld kumapanga kupsinjika m'mphepete mwa mbale yopyapyala yomwe imaposa mtengo wina, idzatulutsa mapindikidwe owopsa, zomwe zimakhudza mawonekedwe a workpiece. Pansi pa njira yowotcherera yofananira ndi magawo opangira, kugwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi a tungsten amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti achepetse kulowetsedwa kwa kutentha pa olowa kuwotcherera kumatha kuthana ndi mavuto monga kuwotcherera ndi kuwotcherera kwa workpiece.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwa gasi wa tungsten pamanja pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri
3.1 kuwotcherera mfundo
Kuwotcherera kwa gasi wa Tungsten ndi chowotcherera cha arc chotseguka chokhala ndi arc yokhazikika komanso kutentha kwakukulu. Pansi pa chitetezo cha gasi wa inert (argon), dziwe lowotcherera ndi loyera ndipo mtundu wa weld ndi wabwino. Komabe, pamene kuwotcherera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, makamaka chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, kumbuyo kwa weld kumafunikanso kutetezedwa, apo ayi kungayambitse makutidwe ndi okosijeni kwambiri, kumakhudza mapangidwe a weld ndi magwiridwe antchito.
3.2 Makhalidwe awotcherera
The kuwotcherera pepala zosapanga dzimbiri ali ndi makhalidwe awa:
1) The matenthedwe madutsidwe pepala zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi osauka ndipo n'zosavuta kuwotcha mwachindunji.
2) Palibe waya wowotcherera womwe umafunikira pakuwotcherera, ndipo zinthu za makolo zimasakanikirana mwachindunji.
Choncho, khalidwe la zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuwotcherera zitsulo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zinthu monga ogwira ntchito, zipangizo, zipangizo, njira zomangira, chilengedwe chakunja pa kuwotcherera ndi kuzindikira.
Mu kuwotcherera ndondomeko zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo pepala, kuwotcherera zipangizo si chofunika, koma zipangizo zotsatirazi ayenera kukhala ndi mkulu: Choyamba, chiyero, otaya mlingo ndi argon otaya nthawi ya argon mpweya, ndipo chachiwiri, tungsten elekitirodi.
1) Argon
Argon ndi mpweya wosagwira ntchito ndipo sikophweka kuchitapo kanthu ndi zipangizo zina zachitsulo ndi mpweya. Chifukwa kutuluka kwake kwa mpweya kumakhala ndi kuzizira, kutentha komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi weld kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kusinthika kwa weld kumakhala kochepa. Ndiwowotcherera bwino kwambiri potchingira mpweya wa tungsten inert arc. Chiyero cha argon chiyenera kukhala chachikulu kuposa 99.99%. Argon amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuteteza dziwe losungunuka, kuteteza mpweya kuti usawononge dziwe losungunuka ndi kuchititsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni panthawi yowotcherera, komanso kupatulira bwino malo otsekemera kuchokera ku mpweya, kuti malo otsekemera atetezedwe komanso ntchito yowotcherera ipitirire bwino.
2) Tungsten electrode
Pamwamba pa electrode ya tungsten iyenera kukhala yosalala, mapeto ake akhale akuthwa, ndipo concentricity ndi yabwino. Mwanjira iyi, arc yothamanga kwambiri ndi yabwino, kukhazikika kwa arc ndikwabwino, kusungunuka kwakuya kumakhala kozama, dziwe losungunuka limatha kukhala lokhazikika, kuwotcherera kumapangidwa bwino, komanso kuwotcherera ndikwabwino. Ngati pamwamba pa tungsten electrode kuwotchedwa kapena pali zolakwika monga zoipitsa, ming'alu, shrinkage mabowo, etc. pamwamba, high-frequency arc ndi zovuta kuyamba pa kuwotcherera, arc ndi wosakhazikika, arc ndi drift, the dziwe losungunuka limabalalitsidwa, pamwamba pake amakulitsidwa, kuya kwake kumakhala kosaya, chitsulo chowotcherera sichimapangika bwino, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amawotcherera ndi osauka.
4. Mapeto
1) Kuwotcherera kwa mpweya wa Tungsten kumakhala kokhazikika, ndipo mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a tungsten elekitirodi amakhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pa kuwotcherera kwa mbale zoonda zosapanga dzimbiri.
2) Kuwotcherera kwa ma elekitirodi a Flat-top cone-end tungsten inert elekitirodi kumatha kupititsa patsogolo mawonekedwe a mbali ziwiri za kuwotcherera mbali imodzi, kuchepetsa kutentha komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, kupangitsa weld kukhala wokongola, komanso kukhala ndi zida zabwino zamakina.
3) Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowotcherera yolondola kumatha kupewa zovuta zowotcherera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-21-2024
