Kodi mabowola amapangidwa bwanji? Ndi mavuto ati omwe angakumane nawo pakubowola? Za zinthu kubowola ndi katundu wake? Kodi mumatani ngati kubowola kwanu kwalephera?
Monga chida chodziwika kwambiri pakubowola mabowo, zobowola zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga makina, makamaka popanga mabowo m'zigawo monga zida zozizirira, mapepala achubu a zida zopangira magetsi, ndi ma jenereta a nthunzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndikokwanira komanso kofunikira. Lero, Pulofesa wa Mechanical Engineering adapeza chotolera ichi kwa aliyense pa nsanja ya WeChat. Zonse zomwe mukufuna zili pano!
Pobowola Features
Zobowola nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mbali ziwiri zazikulu. Pamakina, kubowola kumadula ndikuzungulira. Ngongole ya pobowola imakwera kuchokera pakatikati mpaka pamphepete mwakunja. Liwiro lodula la kubowola likuwonjezeka pamene likuyandikira bwalo lakunja, ndipo liwiro locheka limatsika chapakati. Liwiro lodula la malo ozungulira pobowola ndi ziro. Mphepete mwa chisel pobowola ili pafupi ndi olamulira a likulu la kasinthasintha, m'mphepete mwa chisel ili ndi ngodya yayikulu yothandizira, palibe danga la chip, ndipo liwiro lodulira ndilotsika, lomwe lingapangitse kukana kwakukulu kwa axial. Ngati m'mphepete tchisel ndi pansi kuti lembani A kapena mtundu C mu DIN1414, ndi kudula m'mphepete pafupi ndi olamulira chapakati ali ndi positive angatenge ngodya, kukana kudula kungachepe ndi kudula ntchito akhoza kwambiri bwino.
Malingana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a workpiece, zipangizo, mapangidwe, ntchito, ndi zina zotero, zobowolera zingathe kugawidwa m'mitundu yambiri, monga zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri (zobowola, zobowola gulu, zobowola pansi), zobowola zolimba za carbide, zobowolera zosaya zosaya, zobowola zakuya, etc. Drills, trepanning kubowola ndi replaceable mutu kubowola, etc.
1. Njira / kukonza
1.1 Njira
❶ Malingana ndi kukula kwake ndi kutalika kwake kwa makina obowola, mutha kusankha makina odulira aloyi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodulira mawaya pokonza kutalika kokhazikika.
❷ Pazitsulo zodulidwa zazitali, mbali ziwiri za bar zimakhala zosalala, zomwe zingathe kuzindikiridwa pa chopukusira chamanja.
❸ Kubowola kapena kubowola kumapeto kwa nsonga ya alloy yomwe yapukutidwa, pokonzekera kugaya kunja kwake ndi shank ya pobowola, kutengera ngati nsonga ya cylindrical ndi nsonga yamphongo kapena nsonga yachikazi.
❹ Pamakina opukutira olondola kwambiri a cylindrical, mbali yakunja yobowola, gawo lobowolo ndi mainchesi akunja a shank amakonzedwa kuti zitsimikizire zofunikira za kapangidwe kake monga cylindricity yakunja, kuthamanga kozungulira, ndi kutha kwa pamwamba.
❺ Pofuna kukonza magwiridwe antchito pamakina akupera a CNC, kapamwamba ka alloy asanayikidwe pamakina a CNC, nsonga yobowola imatha kugwedezeka, mwachitsanzo, nsonga yobowola ndi 140 °, ndipo chowotchacho chikhoza kukhala. pafupifupi pansi mpaka 142 °.
❻ Pambuyo poyeretsa alloy bar ya chamfered, imasamutsidwa ku makina opangira makina a CNC, ndipo gawo lililonse la kubowola limakonzedwa pamakina asanu a CNC akupera.
❼ Ngati kuli kofunikira kuwongolera chitoliro cha pobowola ndi kusalala kwa bwalo lakunja, imathanso kupukutidwa ndi kupukutidwa ndi mawilo aubweya ndi ma abrasives isanayambe kapena itatha sitepe yachisanu. Inde, pamenepa, kubowola kuyenera kukonzedwanso munjira zambiri.
❽ Pazitsulo zobowola zomwe zakonzedwa ndikuyeneretsedwa, zidzasindikizidwa chizindikiro, ndipo zomwe zili mu kampaniyo zitha kukhala logo ya kampaniyo ndi kukula kwa kubowola ndi zina zambiri.
❾ Longetsani zobowola zolembedwa ndikuzitumiza ku kampani yaukadaulo yokutira zida kuti zokutira.
1. Ngati chitoliro cha kubowola chatsegulidwa, kapena chitoliro chozungulira kapena chowongoka, sitepe iyi imaphatikizaponso kugwedeza koyipa kwa m'mphepete; ndiye konzani m'mphepete mwa pobowola, kuphatikiza mbali yakumbuyo ya pobowola ndi ngodya yakumbuyo ya pobowola; kenako pitirirani Mbali yakumbuyo ya m'mphepete mwa kubowola ndikukonzedwa, ndipo dontho linalake limatsitsidwa kuonetsetsa kuti mbali yakunja ya m'mphepete mwa bowolo ndikulumikizana ndi khoma la bowo la workpiece imayendetsedwa. mu gawo linalake.
2. Pakukonza chamfer yoyipa ya nsonga ya kubowola, imagawidwa mu CNC pogaya makina opangira kapena kukonza pamanja, zomwe zimasiyana chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana za fakitale iliyonse.
1.2 Kukonza zovuta
❶ Mukamakonza gawo lakunja la kubowola pamakina opukutira a cylindrical, m'pofunika kusamala ngati chipangizocho ndi chosavomerezeka komanso kuziziritsa bwino aloyi pokonza, komanso kukhala ndi chizolowezi choyezera m'mimba mwake. nsonga kubowola.
❷ Mukakonza zobowola pamakina akupera a CNC, yesetsani kulekanitsa zovuta komanso zabwino mu masitepe awiri pokonza mapulogalamu, kuti mupewe ming'alu yomwe ingachitike chifukwa chakupera kwambiri, zomwe zingakhudze moyo wautumiki wa chida.
❸ Gwiritsani ntchito thireyi yopangidwa bwino pogwira mipeni kuti musawonongeke chifukwa cha kugundana kwa mipeni.
❹ Kwa gudumu lopera la diamondi lomwe lakuda pambuyo popera, gwiritsani ntchito mwala wamafuta kuti unole m'mphepete mwake panthawi yake.
Zindikirani: Malinga ndi zomwe zidakonzedwa / zida / zogwirira ntchito, ukadaulo waukadaulo suli wofanana. Ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi ikungoyimira maganizo a wolembayo ndipo ndi yolumikizana ndi luso.
2. Bowola zinthu
2.1 Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri
Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri (HSS) ndi chida chachitsulo chokhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kukana kuvala kwakukulu ndi kukana kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumatchedwanso chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri kapena chitsulo chakutsogolo, chomwe chimadziwika kuti chitsulo choyera.
Wodula zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri ndi mtundu wodula womwe ndi wolimba komanso wosavuta kudula kuposa odula wamba. Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri chimakhala ndi kulimba, kulimba komanso kukana kutentha kuposa chitsulo cha carbon, ndipo liwiro lake lodulira ndi lalitali kuposa chitsulo cha carbon (chitsulo-carbon alloy). Pali ambiri, choncho amatchedwa mkulu-liwiro zitsulo; ndi carbide simenti ali ndi ntchito bwino kuposa chitsulo mkulu-liwiro, ndi kudula liwiro akhoza ziwonjezeke ndi 2-3 nthawi.
Zofunika: Kuuma kofiira kwachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri kumatha kufika madigiri a 650. Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri chimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino komanso zolimba. Pambuyo pakunola, m'mphepete mwake ndi chakuthwa ndipo khalidwe lake ndi lokhazikika. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipeni ing'onoing'ono komanso yovuta.
2.2 Carbide
Zigawo zazikulu za zitsulo zopangira simenti za carbide ndi tungsten carbide ndi cobalt, zomwe zimakhala ndi 99% ya zigawo zonse, ndipo 1% ndi zitsulo zina, motero zimatchedwa tungsten carbide (tungsten carbide). Tungsten carbide imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chimodzi cha carbide Sintered composite materials. Tungsten carbide, cobalt carbide, niobium carbide, titanium carbide, ndi tantalum carbide ndi zigawo zofala za tungsten chitsulo. Kukula kwa tirigu wa gawo la carbide (kapena gawo) nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 0.2-10 microns, ndipo njere za carbide zimagwiridwa pamodzi pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zomangira. Zitsulo zomangira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zitsulo zamagulu achitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi cobalt ndi faifi tambala. Chifukwa chake, pali ma aloyi a tungsten-cobalt, ma aloyi a tungsten-nickel ndi ma alloys a tungsten-titaniyamu-cobalt. The sintering akamaumba tungsten zitsulo kubowola zinthu ndi kukanikiza ufa mu billet, ndiye kutentha kwa kutentha kwina (kutentha kwa sintering) mu ng'anjo sintering, kusunga kwa nthawi (kugwira nthawi), ndiyeno kuziziziritsa. kupeza zinthu zachitsulo za tungsten ndi zinthu zofunika.
Mawonekedwe:
Kuuma kofiira kwa simenti ya carbide kumatha kufika madigiri 800-1000.
Kuthamanga kwa simenti ya carbide ndi 4-7 nthawi zambiri kuposa chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri. Mkulu kudula bwino.
Zoyipa zake ndi mphamvu yopindika pang'ono, kulimba kwamphamvu kosasunthika, kulimba kwambiri, komanso kutsika kwamphamvu komanso kukana kugwedezeka.
3. Nkhani zogwiritsira ntchito/miyezo
3.1 Drill point kuvala
chifukwa:
1. Chogwiritsira ntchito chidzasunthira pansi pansi pa mphamvu yobowola ya pobowola, ndipo chobowolacho chidzabwerera pambuyo pobowola.
2. Kukhazikika kwa chida cha makina sikukwanira.
3. Zida za kubowola sizolimba mokwanira.
4. Bowolo limadumpha kwambiri.
5. The clamping rigidity sikokwanira, ndi kubowola pang'ono slides.
kuyeza:
1. Chepetsani liwiro lodula.
2. Wonjezerani kuchuluka kwa chakudya
3. Sinthani kozizira (kuzizira kwamkati)
4. Onjezani chamfer
5. Onani ndikusintha coaxiality ya kubowola pang'ono.
6. Onani ngati mbali yakumbuyo ndiyoyenera.
3.2 Kugwa kwa Ligament
chifukwa:
1. Chogwiritsira ntchito chidzasunthira pansi pansi pa mphamvu yobowola ya pobowola, ndipo chobowolacho chidzabwerera pambuyo pobowola.
2. Kukhazikika kwa chida cha makina sikukwanira.
3. Zida za kubowola sizolimba mokwanira.
4. Bowolo limadumpha kwambiri.
5. The clamping rigidity sikokwanira, ndi kubowola pang'ono slides.
kuyeza:
1. Sankhani kubowola kokulirapo.
2. Yang'anirani kuchuluka kwa zobowola zopota (<0.02mm)
3. Bowola pamwamba ndi kubowola kokhazikika.
4. Gwiritsani ntchito kubowola kolimba kwambiri, hydraulic chuck yokhala ndi manja a pakhosi kapena zida zochepetsera kutentha.
3.3 Chotupa chochuluka
chifukwa:
1. Zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika pakati pa zida zodulira ndi zida zogwirira ntchito (chitsulo chochepa cha carbon chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri)
kuyeza:
1. Sinthani mafuta, onjezani mafuta kapena zowonjezera.
2. Wonjezerani liwiro la kudula, kuchepetsa mlingo wa chakudya ndi kuchepetsa nthawi yolumikizana.
3. Ngati mukubowola aluminiyamu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kubowola ndi malo opukutidwa komanso opanda zokutira.
3.4 Mpeni wosweka
chifukwa:
1. Mphepete mwa spiral groove ya kubowola imatsekedwa ndi kudula, ndipo kudula sikumatulutsidwa mu nthawi.
2. Pamene dzenje likubowoledwa mofulumira, mlingo wa chakudya suchepetsedwa kapena kuwongolera kumasinthidwa kukhala chakudya chamanja.
3. Pobowola zitsulo zofewa monga mkuwa, mbali yakumbuyo ya bowolo imakhala yaikulu kwambiri, ndipo mbali yakutsogolo sikhala pansi, kotero kuti chobowolacho chidzangolowera.
4. Kupera kwa m'mphepete mwa kubowola kumakhala kwakuthwa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke, koma mpeni sungathe kuchotsedwa mwamsanga.
kuyeza:
1. Kufupikitsa kuzungulira kwa zida m'malo.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza, monga kuonjezera malo othandizira ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yochepetsera.
3. Yang'anani momwe ma spindle amagwirira ndi poyambira.
4. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zolondola kwambiri, monga zida za hydraulic.
5. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zolimba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-18-2023
