Kusankhidwa kwa waya wowotcherera wa aluminiyamu ndi aluminiyumu alloy kumatengera mtundu wa chitsulo choyambira, ndipo zofunikira pakukaniza ming'alu, zida zamakina ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri zimaganiziridwa mozama. Nthawi zina chinthu china chikakhala chotsutsana chachikulu, kusankha waya wowotcherera kuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kuthetsa kutsutsana kwakukuluku, poganizira zofunikira zina.
Nthawi zambiri, mawaya owotcherera omwe ali ndi magiredi omwewo kapena ofanana ndi zitsulo zamakolo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwotcherera zotayidwa ndi zitsulo zotayidwa, kuti kukana kwa dzimbiri kungapezeke; koma powotchera ma aluminiyamu otenthetsera kutentha ndi chizolowezi chotentha kwambiri, kusankha mawaya akuwotcherera kumachokera ku yankho Kuyambira ndi kukana ming'alu, kapangidwe ka waya wowotcherera ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi chitsulo choyambira.
Zowonongeka zodziwika bwino (zovuta zowotcherera) ndi njira zodzitetezera
1. Kuwotcha
chifukwa:
a. Kulowetsa kutentha kwakukulu;
b. Zolakwika poyambira processing ndi kwambiri msonkhano chilolezo cha weldments;
c. Mtunda wapakati pa zolumikizira za solder ndi waukulu kwambiri panthawi yowotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupunduka kwakukulu panthawi yowotcherera.
Njira zopewera:
a. Moyenera kuchepetsa kuwotcherera panopa ndi arc voteji, ndi kuwonjezera liwiro kuwotcherera;
b. Kukula kwakukulu kwa m'mphepete kumachepetsa kusiyana kwa mizu;
c. Chepetsani moyenerera malo olumikizirana ma solder panthawi yowotcherera.
2. Stomata
chifukwa:
a. Pali mafuta, dzimbiri, dothi, dothi, etc. pazitsulo m'munsi kapena waya wowotcherera;
b. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya pamalo owotcherera ndi kwakukulu, komwe sikungathandize kuteteza gasi;
c. The kuwotcherera arc ndi yaitali kwambiri, amene amachepetsa zotsatira za chitetezo gasi;
d. Mtunda pakati pa nozzle ndi workpiece ndi waukulu kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yotetezera mpweya imachepetsedwa;
e. Kusankhidwa kolakwika kwa magawo owotcherera;
f. Mabowo a mpweya amapangidwa pamalo pomwe arc imabwerezedwa;
g. Chiyero cha gasi woteteza ndi chochepa, ndipo mphamvu yachitetezo cha gasi ndi yoyipa;
h. Kutentha kwa mpweya wozungulira ndikwambiri.
Njira zopewera:
a. Mosamala kuyeretsa mafuta, dothi, dzimbiri, sikelo ndi okusayidi filimu padziko kuwotcherera waya ndi kuwotcherera pamaso kuwotcherera, ndi ntchito kuwotcherera waya ndi apamwamba deoxidizer okhutira;
b. Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa malo owotcherera;
c. Moyenera kuchepetsa kutalika kwa arc;
d. Khalani mtunda wololera pakati pa nozzle ndi weldment;
e. Yesani kusankha wandiweyani kuwotcherera waya, ndi kuonjezera blunt m'mphepete makulidwe a workpiece poyambira. Kumbali imodzi, imatha kulola kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde akulu. Kumbali inayi, imathanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa waya wowotcherera muzitsulo zowotcherera, zomwe zimapindulitsa kuchepetsa Porosity zatsimikiziridwa;
f. Yesetsani kusabwereza kumenya kwa arc pamalo omwewo. Pamene kumenyedwa mobwerezabwereza kumafunika, malo omenyera arc ayenera kupukutidwa kapena kuchotsedwa; kamodzi msoko wowotcherera ukakhala ndi arc, yesani kuwotcherera motalika momwe mungathere, ndipo musathyole arc mwakufuna kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mfundo. Payenera kukhala malo ena ophatikizika a weld seam pa olowa;
g. Kusintha mpweya woteteza;
h. Onani kukula kwa mpweya;
ndi. Preheating m'munsi zitsulo;
j. Onani ngati pali kutayikira kwa mpweya ndi kuwonongeka kwa trachea;
k. Weld pamene chinyezi cha mpweya chiri chochepa, kapena gwiritsani ntchito makina otentha.
3. Arc ndi yosakhazikika
chifukwa:
Kulumikiza chingwe chamagetsi, dothi, kapena mphepo.
Njira zopewera:
a. Yang'anani mbali zonse za conductive ndikusunga pamwamba paukhondo;
b. Chotsani dothi pamgwirizano;
c. Yesetsani kuti musawotchere m'malo omwe angayambitse kusokonezeka kwa mpweya.
4. Kusapanga bwino kwa weld
chifukwa:
a. Kusankhidwa kosayenera kwa zowotcherera;
b. Ngodya ya tochi yowotcherera ndiyolakwika;
c. Owotcherera alibe luso logwira ntchito;
d. Bowo la nsonga yolumikizana ndi lalikulu kwambiri;
e. Waya wowotcherera, mbali zowotcherera ndi mpweya wotchinga zimakhala ndi chinyezi.
Njira zopewera:
a. Kubwereza kobwerezabwereza kuti musankhe ndondomeko yoyenera yowotcherera;
b. Sungani ngodya yoyenera ya tochi yowotcherera;
c. Sankhani kabowo koyenera kolumikizana nako;
d. Chotsani mosamala waya wowotcherera ndi kuwotcherera musanayambe kuwotcherera kuti mutsimikizire chiyero cha mpweya.
5. Kulowa kosakwanira
chifukwa:
a. Kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera kumathamanga kwambiri ndipo arc ndi yaitali kwambiri;
b. Kukonza groove molakwika ndi chilolezo chochepa cha zida;
c. Zowotcherera ndizochepa kwambiri;
d. Mphamvu yowotcherera ndiyosakhazikika.
Njira zopewera:
a. Moyenera kuchepetsa liwiro kuwotcherera ndi kuchepetsa arc;
b. Moyenera kuchepetsa m'mphepete mwake kapena kuonjezera kusiyana kwa mizu;
c. Wonjezerani mawotchi apano ndi ma arc voteji kuti muwonetse mphamvu yokwanira ya kutentha kwazitsulo zoyambira;
d. Onjezani chipangizo chokhazikika chamagetsi
e. Waya wowotcherera wocheperako amathandizira kukulitsa kuzama kolowera, ndipo waya wowotcherera wokhuthala umawonjezera kuchuluka kwake, chifukwa chake uyenera kusankhidwa moyenerera.
6. Osaphatikizidwa
chifukwa:
a. Filimu ya okusayidi kapena dzimbiri pa gawo lowotcherera silimatsukidwa;
b. Kutentha kosakwanira.
Njira zopewera:
a. Yeretsani pamwamba kuti muwotchedwe musanawotcherera
b. Wonjezerani mphamvu zowotcherera pano ndi arc, ndikuchepetsa liwiro;
c. Zolumikizana zooneka ngati U zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbale zokhuthala, koma zolumikizira zooneka ngati V nthawi zambiri sizigwiritsidwa ntchito.
7. Mng'alu
chifukwa:
a. Mapangidwe apangidwe ndi osamveka, ndipo ma welds amakhazikika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa zolumikizira zowotcherera;
b. Dziwe losungunuka ndi lalikulu kwambiri, latenthedwa, ndipo ma alloying amawotchedwa;
c. Arc crater kumapeto kwa weld imakhazikika mwachangu;
d. Kupanga waya wowotcherera sikufanana ndi chitsulo choyambira;
e. Kuzama ndi kufalikira kwa weld ndikokulirapo.
Njira zopewera:
a. Konzani zowotcherera moyenera, konzani zowotcherera moyenera, pangitsa kuti ma weld apewe kupsinjika momwe mungathere, ndikusankha njira yowotcherera moyenera;
b. Kuchepetsa kuwotcherera panopa kapena kuwonjezera liwiro kuwotcherera moyenera;
c. Ntchito ya arc crater iyenera kukhala yolondola, kuwonjezera mbale ya arc kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chamakono chochepetsera kudzaza chigwa cha arc;
d. Kusankha kolondola kwa waya wowotcherera.
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8. Slag kuphatikiza
chifukwa:
a. Kuyeretsa kosakwanira pamaso kuwotcherera;
b. Kuwotcherera kwambiri pakali pano kumapangitsa kuti nsonga yolumikizana isungunuke pang'ono ndikusakanikirana mu dziwe losungunuka kupanga ma slag inclusions;
c. Liwiro lowotcherera ndilothamanga kwambiri.
Njira zopewera:
a. Limbitsani ntchito yoyeretsa musanayambe kuwotcherera. Pa kuwotcherera ma-pass-pass, kuyeretsa kwa msoko kuyeneranso kuchitidwa pambuyo pakuwotcherera kulikonse;
b. Pankhani yowonetsetsa kulowa, chepetsani kuwotcherera moyenera, ndipo musakanize nsonga yolumikizirana yotsika kwambiri mukawotcherera ndi mphamvu yayikulu;
c. Moyenera kuchepetsa liwiro kuwotcherera, ntchito kuwotcherera waya ndi apamwamba deoxidizer zili, ndi kuwonjezera arc voteji.
9. Undercut
chifukwa:
a. Kuwotcherera panopa ndi kwakukulu kwambiri ndipo mphamvu yowotcherera ndiyokwera kwambiri;
b. Kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera kumathamanga kwambiri ndipo waya wodzaza ndi wochepa kwambiri;
c. Nyaliyo imayenda mosiyanasiyana.
Njira zopewera:
a. Moyenera kusintha kuwotcherera panopa ndi arc voteji;
b. Moyenera kuonjezera waya kudya liwiro kapena kuchepetsa kuwotcherera liwiro;
c. Yesetsani kusuntha nyali mofanana.
10. Weld kuipitsa
chifukwa:
a. Kutetezedwa kosayenera kwa gasi;
b. Waya wowotcherera siwoyera;
c. Pansi pake ndi chodetsedwa.
Njira zopewera:
a. Yang'anani ngati payipi yoperekera mpweya ikutha, ngati pali cholembera, ngati mpweya wa gasi ndi wotayirira, komanso ngati mpweya woteteza ukugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera;
b. Kaya zida zowotcherera zimasungidwa bwino;
c. Chotsani mafuta ndi mafuta musanagwiritse ntchito njira zina zoyeretsera makina;
d. Chotsani okusayidi musanagwiritse ntchito burashi yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
11. Kusadya bwino kwa waya
chifukwa:
A. Nsonga yolumikizana ndi waya wowotcherera amayatsidwa;
b. Wowotcherera waya kuvala;
c. Utsi wa arc;
d. Paipi yodyetsera mawaya ndi yayitali kwambiri kapena yothina kwambiri;
e. Gudumu la mawaya ndi losayenera kapena latha;
f. Pamwamba pa zinthu zowotcherera pali ma burrs ambiri, zokopa, fumbi ndi dothi.
Njira zopewera:
a. Chepetsani kukanikiza kwa wodzigudubuza waya ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyambira pang'onopang'ono;
b. Yang'anani kukhudzana pamwamba pa mawaya owotcherera ndi kuchepetsa kukhudzana kwachitsulo ndi zitsulo;
c. Yang'anani mkhalidwe wa kukhudzana nsonga ndi waya kudyetsa payipi, ndi fufuzani mmene waya kudyetsa gudumu;
d. Onani ngati kukula kwa nsonga yolumikizana kumagwirizana;
e. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zosagwira kuti musadulidwe panthawi yoyamwitsa waya;
f. Yang'anani momwe mavalidwe a waya wa waya;
g. Sankhani kukula koyenera, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa gudumu la waya;
h. Sankhani zida zowotcherera zomwe zili ndipamwamba kwambiri.
12. Kusayenda bwino kwa arc
chifukwa:
a. Kuyika pansi kosakwanira;
b. Kukula kwa nsonga yolumikizana ndikolakwika;
c. Palibe gasi woteteza.
Njira zopewera:
a. Yang'anani ngati malo onse oyambira ali abwino, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito poyambira pang'onopang'ono kapena otentha arc kuyambitsa kuyambitsa arc;
b. Onani ngati danga lamkati la nsonga yolumikizana ndi lotsekedwa ndi zida zachitsulo;
c. Gwiritsani ntchito gasi pre-kuyeretsa ntchito;
d. Sinthani magawo owotcherera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-21-2023
