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4. Maenje a Arc
Ndizochitika zotsika zotsika kumapeto kwa weld, zomwe sizimangofooketsa mphamvu zowotcherera, komanso zimayambitsa ming'alu panthawi yozizira.
4.1 Zifukwa:
Makamaka, nthawi yozimitsa arc imakhala yochepa kwambiri kumapeto kwa kuwotcherera, kapena yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera mbale zoonda ndi yayikulu kwambiri.
4.2 Njira zopewera:
Kuwotcherera kukatha, pangani electrode kukhala kwakanthawi kochepa kapena pangani maulendo angapo ozungulira. Musayimitse arc mwadzidzidzi kuti pakhale zitsulo zokwanira kudzaza dziwe losungunuka. Onetsetsani kuti magetsi oyenera panthawi yowotcherera. Zigawo zazikuluzikulu zimatha kukhala ndi ma arc-starting plates kuti atsogolere dzenje la arc kunja kwa weldment.
5. Slag kuphatikiza
Zodabwitsa za 5.1: Zosakaniza zopanda zitsulo monga ma oxides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, ndi zina zotero zimapezeka mu weld kupyolera mu kuyesa kosawononga, kupanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana osagwirizana, ndipo zofala zimakhala zooneka ngati cone, zooneka ngati singano ndi zina. slag inclusions. Slag inclusions muzitsulo zowotcherera zitsulo zidzachepetsa pulasitiki ndi kulimba kwazitsulo zazitsulo, komanso zidzawonjezera kupsinjika maganizo, zomwe zimabweretsa kuzizira ndi kutentha kwa brittleness, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kusweka ndi kuwononga zigawo.
5.2 Zifukwa:
5.2.1 Chitsulo chazitsulo sichimatsukidwa bwino, chowotcherera panopa ndi chochepa kwambiri, chitsulo chosungunuka chimalimba mofulumira, ndipo slag ilibe nthawi yoyandama.
5.2.2 Kapangidwe kakemidwe ka zitsulo zowotcherera m'munsi ndi ndodo yowotcherera ndizodetsedwa. Ngati pali zigawo zingapo monga okosijeni, nayitrogeni, sulfure, phosphorous, silicon, ndi zina zotero mu dziwe losungunuka panthawi yowotcherera, zosakanikirana za slag zopanda zitsulo zimapangidwa mosavuta.
5.2.3 Wowotcherera alibe luso logwira ntchito ndipo njira yoyendetsera ndodo ndi yosayenera, kotero kuti slag ndi chitsulo chosungunula zimasakanizidwa komanso sizingagwirizane, zomwe zimalepheretsa slag kuyandama.
5.2.4 Ngodya ya weld groove ndi yaying'ono, chotchingira ndodo chowotcherera chimagwa mzidutswa ndipo sichimasungunuka ndi arc; pa kuwotcherera kwamitundu yambiri, slag sichitsukidwa bwino, ndipo slag sichimachotsedwa panthawi yomwe ikugwira ntchito, zomwe ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuphatikizidwa kwa slag.
5.3 Njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera
5.3.1 Gwiritsani ntchito ndodo zowotcherera zokhala ndi ntchito yabwino yowotcherera, ndipo zitsulo zowotcherera ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mapepala opangira.
5.3.2 Sankhani njira zowotcherera zoyenerera kudzera pakuwunika kwa njira yowotcherera. Samalani kuyeretsa kwa powotcherera poyambira ndi m'mphepete. Kuwotcherera ndodo groove sikuyenera kukhala kochepa kwambiri. Kwa ma welds ambiri wosanjikiza, slag yowotcherera ya gawo lililonse la welds iyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala.
5.3.3 Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma electrode acidic, slag iyenera kukhala kuseri kwa dziwe losungunuka; Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi amchere kuti muwotcherera mizere yowotcherera, kuwonjezera pakusankha bwino zowotcherera pano, kuwotcherera kwa arc kwakanthawi kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, electrode iyenera kusunthidwa bwino kuti electrode igwedezeke bwino kuti slag iyandama pamwamba.
5.3.4 Gwiritsani ntchito kutentha musanayambe kuwotcherera, kutentha panthawi yowotcherera, ndi kutsekemera pambuyo pa kuwotcherera kuti kuziziritsa pang'onopang'ono kuti muchepetse kuphatikizika kwa slag.
6. Porosity
6.1 Chodabwitsa: Mpweya womwe umalowetsedwa muzitsulo zosungunula zowotcherera ulibe nthawi yotulutsidwa mu dziwe losungunuka musanazizire, ndipo umakhalabe mkati mwa weld kupanga mabowo. Malingana ndi malo a pores, amatha kugawidwa mkati ndi kunja; malinga ndi kugawa ndi mawonekedwe a zilema za pore, kukhalapo kwa pores mu weld kudzachepetsa mphamvu ya weld, komanso kutulutsa ndende yopsinjika, kuonjezera kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono, chizolowezi chophulika, etc.
6.2 Zifukwa
6.2.1 Ubwino wa ndodo yowotcherera yokha ndi yosauka, ndodo yowotcherera imakhala yonyowa komanso yosauma malinga ndi zofunikira; chotchingira ndodo chowotcherera chawonongeka kapena kuchotsedwa; chowotcherera pachimake ndi dzimbiri, etc.
6.2.2 Pamakhala mpweya wotsalira posungunula zinthu za kholo; ndodo yowotcherera ndi chowotcherera zimadetsedwa ndi zonyansa monga dzimbiri ndi mafuta, ndipo panthawi yowotcherera, gasi amapangidwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.
6.2.3 Wowotcherera alibe luso laukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito, kapena ali ndi vuto lamaso ndipo sangathe kusiyanitsa chitsulo chosungunula ndi zokutira, kotero kuti mpweya wopaka utoto umasakanizidwa ndi chitsulo. Kuwotcherera pano ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, kumapangitsa ndodo yowotcherera kukhala yofiira ndikuchepetsa chitetezo; utali wa arc ndi wautali kwambiri; mphamvu yamagetsi imasinthasintha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti arc ipse mosakhazikika, etc.
6.3 Njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera
6.3.1 Sankhani ndodo zowotcherera zoyenerera, ndipo musagwiritse ntchito ndodo zowotcherera zokhala ndi zokutira zong'aluka, zosenda, zonyowa, zowoneka bwino kapena dzimbiri. Chotsani madontho amafuta ndi dzimbiri pafupi ndi chowotcherera komanso pamwamba pa ndodo.
6.3.2 Sankhani yoyenera panopa ndi kulamulira liwiro kuwotcherera. Preheat workpiece pamaso kuwotcherera. Kuwotcherera kukatha kapena kuyimitsidwa, arc iyenera kuchotsedwa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuzizira kwa dziwe losungunuka ndi kutuluka kwa gasi mu dziwe losungunuka, kupeŵa kuchitika kwa ziphuphu za pore.
6.3.3 Chepetsani chinyezi cha malo opangira kuwotcherera ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa malo ogwirira ntchito. Powotchera panja, ngati mphepo ikufika pa 8m/s, mvula, mame, matalala, ndi zina zotero, njira zogwira mtima monga zotchingira mphepo ndi ma canopies ziyenera kutengedwa musanayambe kuwotcherera.
7. Kulephera kuyeretsa spatter ndi kuwotcherera slag pambuyo kuwotcherera
7.1 Chodabwitsa: Ili ndilo vuto lofala kwambiri, lomwe silowoneka bwino komanso lovulaza kwambiri. Fusible spatter imawonjezera mawonekedwe olimba a zinthu zakuthupi, ndipo ndizosavuta kupanga zolakwika monga kuuma ndi dzimbiri.
7.2 Zifukwa
7.2.1 Chikopa chamankhwala cha zinthu zowotcherera chimakhala chonyowa ndipo chimawonongeka panthawi yosungidwa, kapena ndodo yosankhidwa yowotcherera siyikugwirizana ndi zinthu za makolo.
7.2.2 Kusankhidwa kwa zida zowotcherera sikukwaniritsa zofunikira, zida zowotcherera za AC ndi DC sizikugwirizana ndi zida zowotcherera, njira yolumikizira polarity ya mzere wachiwiri wowotcherera ndi yolakwika, kuwotcherera pano ndi kwakukulu, m'mphepete mwa weld groove ndi zodetsedwa ndi zinyalala ndi madontho amafuta, ndipo malo owotcherera samakwaniritsa zofunikira zowotcherera.
7.2.3 Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo alibe luso ndipo sagwira ntchito ndikuteteza motsatira malamulo.
7.3 Njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera
7.3.1 Sankhani zida zowotcherera zoyenera malinga ndi zida zowotcherera za makolo.
7.3.2 Ndodo yowotcherera iyenera kukhala ndi chowumitsa ndi kutentha kosalekeza, ndipo payenera kukhala dehumidifier ndi air conditioner mu chipinda chowumitsa, chomwe sichiposa 300mm kuchokera pansi ndi khoma. Khazikitsani njira yolandirira, kutumiza, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kusunga ndodo zowotcherera (makamaka zotengera zokakamiza).
7.3.3 Tsukani m'mphepete mwa chowotcherera kuti muchotse chinyezi, madontho amafuta, ndi dzimbiri ku zinyalala. M'nyengo yamvula yachisanu, malo otetezera amamangidwa kuti atsimikizire malo owotcherera.
7.3.4 Musanayambe kuwotcherera zitsulo zopanda chitsulo ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zokutira zotetezera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku zipangizo zamakolo kumbali zonse ziwiri za weld kuti zitetezedwe. Mukhozanso kusankha ndodo zowotcherera, ndodo zowotcherera zopyapyala ndi chitetezo cha argon kuti muchotse siponji ndi kuchepetsa slag.
7.3.5 Kuwotcherera kumafuna kuyeretsa nthawi yake ya slag ndi chitetezo.
8. Arc chipsera
8.1 Chodabwitsa: Chifukwa cha ntchito yosasamala, ndodo yowotcherera kapena cholumikizira chowotcherera imalumikizana ndi chowotcherera, kapena waya wapansi amalumikizana ndi chogwirira ntchito bwino, kuchititsa arc kwakanthawi kochepa, ndikusiya chiwopsezo cha arc pamtunda.
8.2 Chifukwa: Wogwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera magetsi ndi wosasamala ndipo satenga njira zodzitetezera ndikusunga zida.
8.3 Njira zodzitetezera: Owotcherera amayenera kuyang'ana nthawi zonse kutsekereza kwa waya wa chogwirira ntchito ndi waya wapansi wogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikukulunga nthawi yake ngati zawonongeka. Waya wapansi uyenera kukhazikitsidwa molimba komanso modalirika. Osayambitsa arc kunja kwa weld powotcherera. Chotchingira chowotchereracho chiyenera kuyikidwa pachokha kuchokera kuzinthu za makolo kapena kupachikidwa moyenera. Kudula magetsi mu nthawi osati kuwotcherera. Ngati ma arc apezeka, amayenera kupukutidwa ndi gudumu logaya lamagetsi munthawi yake. Chifukwa pazinthu zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zipsera za arc zitha kukhala poyambira kuwononga ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito.
9. Weld zipsera
9.1 Chodabwitsa: Kulephera kuyeretsa zipsera zowotcherera pambuyo pakuwotcherera kumakhudza mtundu wa zida zazikulu, komanso kusagwira bwino kungayambitsenso ming'alu yapamtunda.
9.2 Chifukwa: Pakupanga ndi kuyika zida zosagwirizana, zowotcherera zoyikapo zimayamba zikachotsedwa zikamaliza.
9.3 Njira zodzitetezera: Zopangira zokwezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizira zimayenera kupukutidwa ndi gudumu lopukutira kuti zisungunuke ndi zinthu zamakolo zikachotsedwa. Osagwiritsa ntchito nyundo kugwetsa zida kuti musawononge zinthu za makolo. Maenje a Arc ndi zikwapu zomwe zimakhala zakuya kwambiri pakuwotcherera kwamagetsi ziyenera kukonzedwa ndikupukutidwa ndi gudumu lopera kuti ziwotchere ndi zida za makolo. Malingana ngati mumayang'anitsitsa panthawi ya ntchito, vutoli likhoza kuthetsedwa.
10. Kulowa kosakwanira
10.1 Chodabwitsa: Pakuwotcherera, muzu wa weld sunaphatikizidwe kwathunthu ndi zinthu za makolo kapena zinthu za makolo ndi zinthu za makolo ndizowotcherera pang'ono. Chilemachi chimatchedwa kulowa kosakwanira kapena kusakanizika kosakwanira. Amachepetsa mawotchi a olowa ndipo adzayambitsa kupsinjika maganizo ndi ming'alu m'derali. Mu kuwotcherera, kuwotcherera kulikonse sikuloledwa kukhala ndi malowedwe osakwanira.
10.2 Zifukwa
10.2.1 Groove sichikukonzedwa molingana ndi malamulo, makulidwe a m'mphepete mwake ndi aakulu kwambiri, ndipo ngodya ya groove kapena kusiyana kwa msonkhano ndi kochepa kwambiri.
10.2.2 Pamene kuwotcherera mbali ziwiri, muzu wakumbuyo sutsukidwa bwino kapena mbali za poyambira ndi interlayer weld sizitsukidwa, kotero kuti oxides, slag, etc. kulepheretsa kusakanikirana kwathunthu pakati pa zitsulo.
10.2.3 Wowotchera alibe luso logwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kuwotcherera panopa kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, maziko ake sanasungunuke, koma ndodo yowotcherera yasungunuka, kotero kuti maziko ndi ndodo yowotcherera yoyikidwa zitsulo zisagwirizane; pamene mpweya uli wochepa kwambiri; Kuthamanga kwa ndodo yowotcherera ndikothamanga kwambiri, zinthu zoyambira ndi ndodo zowotcherera zomwe zidayikidwa zitsulo sizingaphatikizidwe bwino; mu ntchito, ngodya ya ndodo yowotcherera ndi yolakwika, kusungunuka kumakhala kokondera mbali imodzi, kapena chodabwitsa chowombera panthawi yowotcherera chidzachitika, zomwe zingayambitse kulowa kosakwanira komwe arc sangathe kuchita.
10.3 Njira zopewera
10.3.1 Njira ndi kusonkhanitsa kusiyana molingana ndi kukula kwa groove komwe kumatchulidwa muzojambula zojambula kapena ndondomeko yeniyeni.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-28-2024
