Zowonongeka zonse zomwe zimatha kuwonedwa ndi maso kapena galasi lokulitsa mphamvu zochepa ndipo zili pamwamba pa weld, monga undercut (undercut), weld nodules, arc maenje, pores pamwamba, slag inclusions, ming'alu ya pamwamba, zopanda nzeru. weld udindo, etc. amatchedwa kunja zolakwika; pomwe ma pores amkati, ma slag inclusions, ming'alu yamkati, kulowa kosakwanira, ndi kusakanikirana kosakwanira komwe kuyenera kupezedwa ndi mayeso owononga kapena njira zapadera zoyesera zosawononga zimatchedwa zolakwika zamkati. Komabe, zofala kwambiri ndi kulephera kuyeretsa slag ndi spatter pambuyo kuwotcherera ndi zipsera zowotcherera.
1. Kukula kwa weld sikukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zafotokozedwa
1.1 Chodabwitsa: Kutalika kwa weld ndikokulirapo kapena kochepa kwambiri pakuwunika; kapena m'lifupi mwake chowotcherera ndi chotakata kwambiri kapena chopapatiza kwambiri, ndipo kusintha pakati pa weld ndi zinthu zoyambira sikuli kosalala, pamwamba pake ndizovuta, zowotcherera sizowoneka bwino m'njira zotalikirapo komanso zopingasa, komanso kuchuluka kwa concave. weld mu ngodya weld ndi wamkulu kwambiri.
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1.2 Zifukwa:
1.2.1 Kuwongoka kwa ma weld groove processing ndi osauka, ngodya ya groove ndi yosayenera kapena kukula kwa kusiyana kwa msonkhano ndi kosagwirizana.
1.2.2 Pakalipano ndi yaikulu kwambiri panthawi yowotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti electrode isungunuke mofulumira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulamulira mapangidwe a weld. Pakali pano ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma elekitirodi "amamatire" akayamba kuwotcherera arc, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwotcherera kosakwanira kapena kuwotcherera titanthauzidwe.
1.2.3 Opaleshoni ya wowotcherera siidziwa mokwanira, njira yoyendetsera ndodo ndi yosayenera, monga mofulumira kwambiri kapena pang'onopang'ono, ndipo angle ya electrode ndi yolakwika.
1.2.4 Mu mivi arc basi kuwotcherera ndondomeko, ndi kuwotcherera ndondomeko magawo ndi mosayenera anasankha.
3. Ngati kuli koopsa, kodi mwanayo angagonebe cham'mimba kapena chammbali? Yankho ndi lakuti: Inde, wamkuluyo angayang’ane mwanayo akugona cham’mbali kapena m’mimba ali maso. Kugona koyenera pamimba ndikwabwino kwambiri kwa mwana. Poopa kuti mwanayo angatsamwidwe ndi mkaka, adokotala amalangiza kugona pambali, kuti thupi lonse la mwanayo likhale mmwamba, ndipo mutu wawung'ono ukhoza kusintha kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja ndi mmwamba.
4. Zofunda zowonjezera zimabisanso zoopsa! Kuwonjezera pa mwanayo ndi quilt nyengo, chotsani mapilo owonjezera, mabulangete, zoseweretsa zodzaza, zovala ndi zinyalala zina kuchokera pachibelekero. Ngati khanda lakwirira nkhope yake mu zinthu zofewa zimenezi, n’kutheka kuti amatseka pakamwa ndi mphuno, zomwe zimachititsa kuti avutike kupuma. Bedi la mwanayo siliyenera kukhala lofewa kwambiri, ndipo chisankho chabwino kwambiri ndi matiresi olimba a ana. Kukhala kholo sikophweka, ndipo kukhala msungwana wabwino ndizovuta kwambiri. Zonsezi zimafunikira kuphunzira kosalekeza kwa makolo asayansi. Ndikukhumba ana aang'ono akhoza kukhala ndi maloto okoma tsiku lililonse, ndipo m'mawa kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito kulira kwakukulu kapena kumwetulira kokoma kunena "m'mawa wabwino" kwa makolo a aliyense.
1.3 Njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera
1.3.1 Njira yowotcherera poyambira malinga ndi zofunikira za kapangidwe kake ndi zowotcherera, ndikuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira kupanga kuti poyambira ndi kuwongoka kwa m'mphepete mwa poyambira zikwaniritse zofunikira, ndikupewa kugwiritsa ntchito kudula kwa gasi wochita kupanga ndi fosholo pamanja pokonza poyambira. Mukasonkhanitsa, onetsetsani kufanana kwa kusiyana kwa weld kuti mukhazikitse maziko owonetsetsa kuti kuwotcherera kwabwino.
1.3.2 Sankhani zoyenera kuwotcherera magawo njira kuwotcherera ndondomeko kuwunika.
1.3.3 Owotcherera ayenera kutsimikiziridwa asanagwire ntchito. Owotcherera ophunzitsidwa amakhala ndi maziko ongoganiza komanso luso lantchito.
1.3.4 Pakuti wosanjikiza wotsiriza wa Mipikisano wosanjikiza welds pa kuwotcherera pamwamba, pansi pa chikhalidwe kuonetsetsa maphatikizidwe ndi wosanjikiza pansi, ndodo kuwotcherera ndi ang'onoang'ono panopa kuposa kuwotcherera panopa pakati wosanjikiza aliyense ndi awiri ang'onoang'ono (φ2.0mm) ~ 3.0mm) ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcherera pamwamba. Liwiro la kuwotcherera ndodo ayenera kukhala yunifolomu, rhythmically patsogolo longitudinally, ndi kupanga ena m'lifupi mwa ofananira nawo kugwedezeka, kotero kuti weld pamwamba kukhala bwino ndi wokongola.
2. Kudulira (nyama yoluma)
2.1 Chodabwitsa: Kupsinjika maganizo kapena groove kusungunuka ndi arc panthawi yowotcherera sikuwonjezeredwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka ndikusiya kusiyana. Kudulira kozama kwambiri kumafooketsa mphamvu ya cholumikizira chowotcherera, kupangitsa kupsinjika kwanuko, ndipo ming'alu imapangidwa panjira yodutsa pambuyo pobereka.
2.2 Zifukwa:
Chifukwa chachikulu ndikuti kuwotcherera panopa ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, arc ndi yaitali kwambiri, ngodya ya electrode sichiyendetsedwa bwino, kuthamanga kwa electrode sikoyenera, ndipo kutalika kwa electrode yomwe yatsala kumapeto kwa kuwotcherera ndi yayifupi kwambiri. , zomwe zimabweretsa kupanga undercut. Nthawi zambiri ndi vuto lodziwika bwino pakuwotcherera koyima, kuwotcherera kopingasa, ndi kuwotcherera pamwamba.
2.3 Njira zopewera
2.3.1 Pakalipano sayenera kukhala yayikulu kwambiri pakuwotcherera, arc sayenera kukhala yayitali kwambiri kapena yayifupi kwambiri, ndipo kuwotcherera kwa arc kwakanthawi kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momwe mungathere.
2.3.2 Phunzirani momwe mungayendetsere ma elekitirodi oyenerera komanso njira zama electrode zaluso. Pamene elekitirodi ikugwedezeka m'mphepete, iyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono kuti chitsulo chosungunuka cha electrode chidzaze m'mphepete, ndipo chiyenera kukhala mofulumira pang'ono pakati.
2.3.3 Kuzama kwa weld undercut kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 0.5mm, kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 10% ya kutalika konse kwa weld, ndipo kutalika kosalekeza kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 10mm. Kuzama kapena kupanga kukapitilira kulekerera kwapamwamba, cholakwikacho chiyenera kutsukidwa, ndipo m'mimba mwake pang'ono ndi mtundu womwewo wa electrode uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. The kuwotcherera panopa ndi yaikulu pang'ono kuposa yachibadwa, ndipo kuwotcherera ndi wodzazidwa.
3. Ming'alu
3.1 Chodabwitsa: Pakawotcherera kapena pambuyo pake, ming'alu yachitsulo imachitika pamalo owotcherera. Amapezeka mkati kapena kunja kwa weld, kapena m'malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Malingana ndi malo a ming'alu, amatha kugawidwa mu ming'alu yautali, ming'alu yopingasa, ming'alu ya arc crater, ming'alu ya mizu, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zingagawidwe kukhala ming'alu yotentha, ming'alu yozizira ndi ming'alu yotentha.
3.2 Zifukwa
3.2.1 Kupsyinjika kwakukulu kumapangidwa pambuyo poti kutentha komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi weld kumachepa.
3.2.2 Zida za makolo zimakhala ndi zida zolimba kwambiri ndipo zimatha kung'ambika pambuyo pozizira.
3.2.3 Pali kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni mu weld. Ndipo zonyansa zina zovulaza, ndi zina zotero, zimakhala zozizira komanso zotentha.
3.3 Njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera:
Yankho lalikulu ndikuchotsa kupsinjika, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowotcherera moyenera, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
3.3.1 Samalani mawonekedwe a groove a cholumikizira chowotcherera kuti athetse ming'alu yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kutentha kosagwirizana ndi kuzizira kwa weld chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwamafuta. Mwachitsanzo, powotcherera zitsulo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mbale yachitsulo yokhuthala iyenera kuchepetsedwa.
3.3.2 Kusankhidwa kwa zipangizo kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za zojambula zojambula, kuwongolera mosamalitsa magwero a haidrojeni, kuumitsa ndodo yowotcherera musanagwiritse ntchito, ndikuyeretsa mosamala mafuta, chinyezi ndi zonyansa zina pa groove.
3.3.3 Pa kuwotcherera, kusankha wololera kuwotcherera magawo kulamulira athandizira kutentha pakati 800 ndi 3000 ℃ kuzirala kutentha kusintha microstructure wa weld ndi zone kutentha anakhudzidwa.
3.3.4 Pamene kutentha kwa kutentha kumakhala kochepa ndipo zinthuzo zimakhala zowonda, kuwonjezera pa kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha kwa malo opangira ntchito, ziyeneranso kutenthedwa musanayambe kuwotcherera. Pambuyo kuwotcherera, yesetsani kusunga kutentha ndi kuziziritsa pang'onopang'ono ndikuchita pambuyo pa kuwotcherera kutentha kuti muthetse ming'alu yochedwa chifukwa cha kupsinjika kotsalira mu weld panthawi yozizira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-26-2024
