Porosity ndi mphako yomwe imapangidwa pamene thovu mu dziwe losungunuka limalephera kuthawa panthawi yolimba panthawi yowotcherera. Pamene kuwotcherera ndi J507 alkaline electrode, pali zambiri nitrogen pores, hydrogen pores ndi CO pores. The lathyathyathya kuwotcherera malo ali pores kwambiri kuposa maudindo ena; pali zigawo zambiri zoyambira kuposa zodzaza ndi zophimba; pali zowotcherera zazitali zazitali kuposa zowotcherera zazifupi; pali zowotcherera za arc zosokonekera kuposa zowotcherera mosalekeza; ndipo pali ma arc oyambira, kutseka kwa arc ndi malo olumikizana kuposa kuwotcherera. Palinso maudindo ena ambiri oti azisoka. Kukhalapo kwa pores sikungochepetsa kuchulukira kwa weld ndikufooketsa gawo logwira ntchito la weld, komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu, pulasitiki ndi kulimba kwa weld. Malinga ndi makhalidwe a droplet kutengerapo kwa J507 kuwotcherera ndodo, ife kusankha gwero kuwotcherera mphamvu, oyenera kuwotcherera panopa, wololera arc kuyambira ndi kutseka, yochepa Arc ntchito, liniya ndodo zoyendera ndi mbali zina kulamulira, ndi kupeza chitsimikizo chabwino pakupanga kuwotcherera. .
1. Kupanga stomata
Chitsulo chosungunuka chimasungunula mpweya wambiri pa kutentha kwakukulu. Kutentha kumatsika, mipweya imeneyi imatuluka pang’onopang’ono kuchokera ku weld ngati thovu. Mpweya womwe ulibe nthawi yothawa amakhalabe mu weld ndikupanga pores. Mipweya yomwe imapanga pores makamaka imaphatikizapo hydrogen ndi carbon monoxide. Kuchokera ku kagawidwe ka stomata, pali stomata imodzi, stomata yosalekeza, ndi dense stomata; kuchokera ku malo a stomata, amatha kugawidwa mu stomata yakunja ndi stomata yamkati; kuchokera pa mawonekedwe, pali mapini, stomata ozungulira, ndi strip stomata (stomata ndi mawonekedwe a mphutsi) , omwe amakhala ozungulira pores), ngati unyolo ndi zisa za uchi, ndi zina zotero. ma electrodes kuti apange zolakwika za pore panthawi yowotcherera. Choncho, kutenga kuwotcherera kwa chitsulo chochepa cha carbon ndi J507 electrode monga chitsanzo, zokambirana zina zimapangidwa pa ubale pakati pa zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa pore ndi ndondomeko yowotcherera.
2.Makhalidwe a J507 welding rod droplet transfer
J507 kuwotcherera ndodo ndi otsika-hydrogen kuwotcherera ndodo ndi mkulu alkalinity. Ndodo yowotcherera iyi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pomwe makina akuwotcherera a DC abweza polarity. Choncho, ziribe kanthu mtundu wa makina owotcherera a DC omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kusintha kwa droplet kumachokera ku dera la anode kupita ku cathode. Pazowotcherera pamanja pamanja, kutentha kwa dera la cathode ndikotsika pang'ono kuposa kutentha kwa dera la anode. Choncho, ziribe kanthu kuti mawonekedwe osinthika ndi otani, kutentha kumachepa pambuyo poti madontho afika kudera la cathode, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madontho amtundu uwu wa electrode agwirizane ndikusintha mu dziwe losungunuka, ndiko kuti, mawonekedwe osinthika a droplet amapangidwa. . Komabe, chifukwa kuwotcherera pamanja ndi chinthu chamunthu: monga luso la wowotcherera, kukula kwa magetsi ndi magetsi, ndi zina zambiri, kukula kwa madontho kumakhalanso kosagwirizana, komanso kukula kwa dziwe losungunuka lomwe limapangidwanso silili lofanana. . Choncho, zolakwika monga pores zimapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zakunja ndi zamkati. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zokutira za alkaline electrode zimakhala ndi fluorite yambiri, yomwe imawononga ayoni a fluorine ndi mphamvu yapamwamba ya ionization pansi pa zochita za arc, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti arc akhazikike kwambiri ndikupangitsa kuti madontho asasunthike asamangidwe panthawi yowotcherera. chinthu. Choncho, pofuna kuthetsa vuto la porosity la J507 electrode manual arc welding, kuwonjezera pa kuyanika electrode ndi kuyeretsa poyambira, tiyeneranso kuyamba ndi njira zamakono kuti titsimikizire kukhazikika kwa arc droplet transfer.
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3. Sankhani gwero la mphamvu zowotcherera kuti muwonetsetse kuti arc yokhazikika
Popeza ❖ kuyanika kwa electrode ya J507 ili ndi fluoride yokhala ndi mphamvu ya ionization, yomwe imayambitsa kusakhazikika kwa mpweya wa arc, m'pofunika kusankha gwero lamagetsi oyenera. Mphamvu zowotcherera za DC zomwe timakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: makina owotcherera a DC a rotary ndi silicon rectifier DC makina owotcherera. Ngakhale mapindikidwe awo akunja onse ndi mawonekedwe otsika, chifukwa makina owotcherera a rotary DC arc amakwaniritsa cholinga chokonzanso poyikapo poyambira, mawonekedwe ake amtunduwu amasinthasintha mokhazikika, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zazikulu kwambiri. Oveteredwa panopa, microscopically, linanena bungwe panopa kusintha ndi yaing'ono matalikidwe, makamaka pamene m'malovu kusintha, kuchititsa kugwedezeka matalikidwe kuonjezera. Makina owotcherera a silicon okonzedwanso a DC amadalira zida za silicon kuti ziwongolere komanso kusefa. Ngakhale kuti zotulukapo zili ndi nsonga ndi zigwa, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosalala, kapena pali kugwedezeka pang'ono munjira inayake, kotero zimatha kuganiziridwa mosalekeza. Chifukwa chake, sichimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa madontho, ndipo kusinthasintha kwapano komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa dontho sikuli kwakukulu. Pantchito yowotcherera, zidawoneka kuti makina owotcherera a silicon ali ndi mwayi wocheperako wa pores kuposa makina owotcherera a DC arc. Pambuyo pofufuza zotsatira zoyesa, akukhulupirira kuti pogwiritsira ntchito ma electrode a J507 pakuwotcherera, gwero lamagetsi la silicon olimba lomwe limatuluka liyenera kusankhidwa, lomwe lingatsimikizire kukhazikika kwa arc ndikupewa kupezeka kwa zolakwika za pore.
4. Sankhani njira yoyenera kuwotcherera
Chifukwa cha kuwotcherera kwa ma elekitirodi a J507, ma elekitirodi alinso ndi zinthu zambiri za alloy mu weld core kuwonjezera pa zokutira kuti muwonjezere mphamvu yolumikizirana ndikuchotsa kuthekera kwa zolakwika za pore. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera pakali pano, dziwe losungunuka limakhala lakuya, zitsulo zimachita mwamphamvu, ndipo zinthu za alloy zimatenthedwa kwambiri. Chifukwa panopa ndi yaikulu kwambiri, kukana kutentha kwa kuwotcherera pachimake mwachionekere kuwonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo elekitirodi adzakhala wofiira, kuchititsa organic ❖ kuyanika ma elekitirodi kuwola msanga ndi kupanga pores; pomwe magetsi ndi ochepa kwambiri. Liwiro la crystallization la dziwe losungunuka ndilothamanga kwambiri, ndipo mpweya womwe uli mu dziwe losungunuka ulibe nthawi yothawa, zomwe zimayambitsa pores. Kuphatikiza apo, DC reverse polarity imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kutentha kwa dera la cathode kumakhala kochepa. Ngakhale maatomu a haidrojeni opangidwa panthawi yachiwawa atasungunuka mu dziwe losungunuka, sangathe kusinthidwa mwamsanga ndi zinthu za alloy. Ngakhale mpweya wa haidrojeni utayandama mwachangu kuchokera mu weld, wosungunuka Dziwelo limatenthedwa kwambiri kenako limakhazikika mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mamolekyu otsala a haidrojeni akhazikike mu weld yosungunuka kuti apange ziphuphu. Choncho, m'pofunika kuganizira zoyenera kuwotcherera panopa. Ndodo zowotcherera za haidrojeni zotsika nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi njira yocheperako pang'ono ya 10 mpaka 20% kuposa ndodo zowotcherera za asidi zamtundu womwewo. Pakupanga, kwa ndodo zowotcherera za haidrojeni, sikweya ya m'mimba mwake ya ndodo yowotcherera yochulukitsidwa ndi khumi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yolumikizirana. Mwachitsanzo, electrode ya Ф3.2mm ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa 90 ~ 100A, ndipo electrode ya Ф4.0mm ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa 160 ~ 170A monga momwe ikugwiritsidwira ntchito panopa, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maziko osankha magawo a ndondomeko kupyolera muzoyesera. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kuyaka kwa zinthu za alloy ndikupewa kuthekera kwa pores.
5. Arc yololera kuyambira ndi kutseka
Kuwotcherera ma electrode a J507 amatha kupanga pores kuposa mbali zina. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kutentha kwa mafupa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika pang'ono kusiyana ndi mbali zina panthawi yowotcherera. Chifukwa kulowetsedwa kwa ndodo yatsopano yowotcherera kwachititsa kuti kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali kumatsekeredwe koyambirira, pangakhalenso dzimbiri m'deralo kumapeto kwa ndodo yatsopano yowotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale pores zowirira. Kuthetsa zolakwika za pore zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi izi, kuwonjezera pa ntchito yoyamba Kuwonjezera pa kukhazikitsa mbale yoyambira yoyambira kumapeto kwa arc-kuyambira kumapeto, pa mgwirizano uliwonse pakati, pukutani pang'onopang'ono kumapeto kwa electrode yatsopano pa arc. -yamba mbale kuyambitsa arc kuchotsa dzimbiri kumapeto. Pa mgwirizano uliwonse wapakati, njira yowongoka ya arc iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti, arc ikamenyedwa 10 mpaka 20 mm kutsogolo kwa weld ndikukhazikika, imakokeranso ku arc kutsekera kwa arc. cholumikizira kuti malo otsekera a arc athe kutenthedwa kwanuko mpaka kusungunuka kupangike. Mukaphatikizana, tsitsani arc ndikuigwedeza pang'ono mmwamba ndi pansi maulendo 1-2 kuti muwotchere bwino. Potseka arc, arc iyenera kukhala yayifupi momwe mungathere kuti muteteze dziwe losungunuka kuti lisadzaze arc crater. Gwiritsani ntchito kuyatsa kwa arc kapena kugwedezeka chammbuyo ndi mtsogolo maulendo 2-3 kuti mudzaze arc crater kuti muchotse ma pores opangidwa pakutseka kwa arc.
6. Short arc ntchito ndi liniya kayendedwe
Nthawi zambiri, ndodo zowotcherera za J507 zimagogomezera kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yaifupi ya arc. Cholinga cha ntchito yaifupi ya arc ndikuteteza dziwe la yankho kuti dziwe la yankho mu malo otentha otentha lisalowedwe ndi mpweya wakunja ndikupanga pores. Koma momwe arc yayifupi iyenera kusungidwa, tikuganiza kuti zimadalira ndodo zowotcherera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri arc lalifupi limatanthawuza mtunda womwe kutalika kwa arc kumayendetsedwa mpaka 2/3 ya m'mimba mwake mwa ndodo yowotcherera. Chifukwa mtunda ndi wochepa kwambiri, osati dziwe lokhalo lomwe silingawoneke bwino, komanso limakhala lovuta kugwira ntchito ndipo lingayambitse kusweka kwafupipafupi ndi arc. Palibe okwera kwambiri kapena otsika kwambiri omwe angakwaniritse cholinga choteteza dziwe lamadzi. Ndikoyenera kunyamula mizere yowongoka ponyamula mizere. Kugwedezeka kwambiri mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo kungayambitse chitetezo chosayenera cha dziwe la yankho. Kwa makulidwe okulirapo (ponena za ≥16mm), mipope yotseguka yooneka ngati U kapena iwiri yooneka ngati U ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa vutoli. Pa kuwotcherera chivundikiro, kuwotcherera kwa ma pass-pass kutha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa kugwedezeka. Njira zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kuwotcherera, zomwe sizimangotsimikizira mtundu wamkati komanso zimapangitsa kuti mikanda yowotcherera ikhale yosalala komanso yaudongo.
Pamene ntchito J507 maelekitirodi kuwotcherera, kuwonjezera pa pamwamba ndondomeko miyeso kupewa pores zotheka, zina ochiritsira zofunika ndondomeko sangathe kunyalanyazidwa. Mwachitsanzo: kuyanika kuwotcherera ndodo kuchotsa madzi ndi mafuta, kudziwa ndi pokonza poyambira, ndi malo oyenera grounding kupewa arc kupatuka kuchititsa pores, etc. Pokhapokha poyang'anira ndondomeko miyeso potengera makhalidwe a mankhwala, tidzakhala amatha kuchepetsa bwino ndikupewa zolakwika za pore.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-01-2023
