1. Filimu ya okosijeni:
Aluminiyamu ndi yosavuta oxidize mu mlengalenga ndi pa kuwotcherera. Zotsatira za aluminium oxide (Al2O3) zimakhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, zimakhala zokhazikika, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa. Zimalepheretsa kusungunuka ndi kuphatikizika kwa zinthu za makolo. Kanema wa okusayidi ali ndi mphamvu yokoka kwambiri ndipo sikophweka kuyandama pamwamba. Ndikosavuta kupanga zolakwika monga kuphatikizika kwa slag, kusakanizika kosakwanira, komanso kulowa kosakwanira.
Pamwamba oxide filimu a aluminiyamu ndi mayamwidwe kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mosavuta kuchititsa pores mu weld. Pamaso kuwotcherera, mankhwala kapena makina njira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa kuyeretsa pamwamba ndi kuchotsa pamwamba okusayidi filimu.
Limbitsani chitetezo panthawi yowotcherera kuti mupewe okosijeni. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwa mpweya wa tungsten, gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu ya AC kuchotsa filimu ya okusayidi kudzera mu "cathode kuyeretsa" zotsatira.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera gasi, gwiritsani ntchito flux yomwe imachotsa filimu ya oxide. Mukawotcherera mbale zokhuthala, kutentha kowotcherera kumatha kuwonjezeka. Mwachitsanzo, helium arc imakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu, ndipo mpweya wosakanikirana wa helium kapena argon-helium umagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza, kapena kuwotcherera kwamagetsi osungunuka kwambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pankhani yolumikizana bwino pano, "kuyeretsa cathode" sikofunikira.
2. High matenthedwe madutsidwe
Kutentha kwa matenthedwe ndi kutentha kwapadera kwa aluminiyamu ndi ma aluminiyamu aloyi ndi pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri chitsulo cha carbon ndi low-alloy steel. Kutentha kwa matenthedwe a aluminiyamu ndi kuwirikiza kakhumi kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic.
Panthawi yowotcherera, kutentha kwakukulu kumatha kuchitika mwachangu muzitsulo zapansi. Choncho, pamene kuwotcherera zitsulo zotayidwa ndi aluminiyamu, kuwonjezera pa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dziwe lachitsulo chosungunula, kutentha kwakukulu kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito mopanda kufunikira m'madera ena achitsulo. Izi Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopanda ntchito zotere ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa kuwotcherera zitsulo. Kuti mupeze zolumikizira zapamwamba zowotcherera, mphamvu zokhala ndi mphamvu zokhazikika komanso mphamvu yayikulu ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momwe zingathere, ndipo nthawi zina kutenthetsa ndi njira zina zopangira zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.
3. Large liniya kukulitsa coefficient, zosavuta deform ndi kutulutsa ming'alu matenthedwe
Mzere wokulirapo wa zitsulo zotayidwa ndi aluminiyamu ndi pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa chitsulo cha carbon ndi low alloy steel. Kuchuluka kwa shrinkage ya aluminiyamu panthawi yolimba ndi yayikulu, ndipo kupindika ndi kupsinjika kwa weldment ndi kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti mupewe kuwotcherera.
Pamene dziwe losungunuka la aluminiyamu likukhazikika, zimakhala zosavuta kupanga ming'oma ya shrinkage, shrinkage porosity, ming'alu yotentha ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kwamkati.
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Miyezo ingatengedwe kuti musinthe mawonekedwe a waya wowotcherera ndi njira yowotcherera kuti zisachitike ming'alu yotentha panthawi yopanga. Ngati kukana kwa dzimbiri kukuloleza, waya wowotcherera wa aluminium-silicon alloy angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwotcherera zotayira za aluminiyamu kupatula ma aloyi a aluminium-magnesium. Pamene aluminium-silicon alloy ili ndi silicon 0.5%, chizoloŵezi cha kuphulika kotentha chimakhala chachikulu. Pamene zinthu za silicon zikuchulukirachulukira, kutentha kwa crystallization kwa alloy kumakhala kochepa, kusungunuka kumawonjezeka kwambiri, kutsika kwa shrinkage kumachepa, ndipo chizoloŵezi cha kuphulika kotentha kumachepanso.
Malinga ndi zomwe zidachitika pakupanga, kusweka kotentha sikungachitike pomwe silicon ili ndi 5% mpaka 6%, chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha SalSi (chilichonse cha silicon 4.5% mpaka 6%) waya wowotcherera chimakhala ndi kukana kwabwinoko.
4. Sungunulani hydrogen mosavuta
Aluminiyamu ndi zotayidwa aloyi akhoza kusungunula wambiri wa haidrojeni mu madzi boma, koma nkomwe kusungunula haidrojeni mu olimba boma. Panthawi yolimba komanso kuzizira kofulumira kwa dziwe lowotcherera, haidrojeni ilibe nthawi yothawa, ndipo mabowo a haidrojeni amapangidwa mosavuta. Chinyontho mumlengalenga wa arc, chinyezi chokometsedwa ndi filimu ya okusayidi pamwamba pa zinthu zowotcherera ndi zitsulo zoyambira zonse ndizofunikira magwero a haidrojeni mu weld. Choncho, gwero la haidrojeni liyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa kuteteza mapangidwe a pores.
5. Malumikizidwe ndi madera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha amachepetsedwa mosavuta
Zinthu za alloy ndizosavuta kusuntha ndikuwotcha, zomwe zimachepetsa magwiridwe antchito a weld.
Ngati zitsulo zoyambira ndi zowonongeka-zolimbitsa kapena zolimba-zothetsera zaka zowonjezereka, kutentha kwazitsulo kudzachepetsa mphamvu ya malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha.
Aluminiyamu ali ndi lattice yapakati pankhope ndipo alibe ma allotropes. Palibe kusintha kwa gawo panthawi yotentha ndi kuzizira. Njere za weld zimakhala zowawa ndipo njere sizingawongoleredwe posintha magawo.
Njira yowotcherera
Pafupifupi njira zosiyanasiyana zowotcherera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito powotcherera zitsulo zotayidwa ndi aluminiyamu, koma zotayira zotayidwa ndi aluminiyamu zimasinthasintha mosiyanasiyana kunjira zosiyanasiyana zowotcherera, ndipo njira zingapo zowotcherera zimakhala ndi nthawi zawozawo ntchito.
Njira zowotcherera gasi ndi electrode arc kuwotcherera ndizosavuta pazida komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuwotcherera mpweya angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza kuwotcherera mapepala aluminiyamu ndi castings kuti sikutanthauza mkulu kuwotcherera khalidwe. Electrode arc kuwotcherera angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza kuwotcherera aloyi zotayidwa castings.
Njira yowotcherera ya inert gas shielded (TIG kapena MIG) ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwotcherera kwa aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zotayidwa.
Aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zotayidwa aloyi mapepala akhoza welded ndi tungsten elekitirodi alternating panopa argon arc kuwotcherera kapena tungsten elekitirodi kugunda argon arc kuwotcherera.
Aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zotayidwa mbale wandiweyani akhoza kukonzedwa ndi tungsten helium arc kuwotcherera, argon-helium osakaniza tungsten arc kuwotcherera, mpweya zitsulo arc kuwotcherera, ndi zimachitika zitsulo arc kuwotcherera. Kuwotcherera kwachitsulo kwazitsulo zamagetsi ndi kuwotcherera kwa zitsulo zamagetsi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-25-2024
