Kuyika zida ndiye ntchito yayikulu komanso luso lofunikira pakukonza makina a CNC. Pazifukwa zina, kulondola kwa kukhazikitsa kwa zida kungatsimikizire kulondola kwa makina a magawo. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyika bwino kwa zida kumakhudzanso mwachindunji makina a CNC. Sikokwanira kungodziwa njira zokhazikitsira zida. Muyeneranso kudziwa njira zosiyanasiyana zokhazikitsira zida zamakina a CNC komanso momwe mungatchulire njirazi mu pulogalamu yokonza. Pa nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kudziwa ubwino, kuipa, ndi mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zokhazikitsira zida.
1. Mfundo yokhazikitsa mpeni
Cholinga cha kukhazikitsa zida ndikukhazikitsa njira yolumikizira ma workpiece. Mwachidziwitso, kukhazikitsa zida ndikukhazikitsa malo ogwirira ntchito mu benchi ya chida cha makina. M'malo mwake, ndikupeza zolumikizira za malo opangira zida pamakina opangira zida zamakina.
Kwa CNC lathes, malo oyika zida ayenera kusankhidwa kaye musanakonze. Chida chokhazikitsa chida chimatanthawuza poyambira pakuyenda kwa chida chokhudzana ndi chogwirira ntchito pomwe chida cha makina a CNC chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza chogwiriracho. Chida chokhazikitsa chida chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa workpiece (monga datum yopangira kapena kuika datum pa chogwirira ntchito), kapena ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pazitsulo kapena makina. Ngati imayikidwa pamalo enaake pazitsulo kapena chida cha makina, mfundoyo iyenera kukhala yogwirizana ndi malo osungiramo ntchito. Sungani maubale owoneka bwino ndi kulondola kwina.
Mukakhazikitsa chida, malo opangira chida ayenera kugwirizana ndi malo opangira zida. Zomwe zimatchedwa kuti chida poyikirapo zimatanthauza malo omwe chidacho chilipo. Kwa zida zotembenuza, malo opangira chida ndiye nsonga ya chida. Cholinga cha kukhazikitsa chida ndikuzindikira mtengo wokhazikika wa chida chokhazikitsa (kapena chiyambi cha chida chogwirira ntchito) mu makina opangira zida zamakina ndikuyesa kuchuluka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chidacho. Kulondola kwa njira yolumikizira zida kumakhudza mwachindunji kulondola kwa makina.
Mukakonza chogwiriracho, kugwiritsa ntchito chida chimodzi sikungakwaniritse zofunikira zantchitoyo, ndipo zida zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri zotembenuza pokonza, pamene chida chosinthira chida sichinasinthe, malo a geometric a nsonga ya chida adzakhala osiyana pambuyo pa kusintha kwa chida, zomwe zimafuna zida zosiyanasiyana kuti zitheke poyambira pazigawo zosiyana poyambira. Onetsetsani kuti pulogalamuyo ikuyenda bwino.
Zida za Xinfa CNC zili ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso otsika mtengo. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, chonde pitani:
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Kuti athetse vutoli, makina chida CNC dongosolo okonzeka ndi chida geometric udindo chipukuta misozi ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito chida cholipirira malo a geometric, mumangofunika kuyeza kupatuka kwa chida chilichonse chokhudzana ndi chida chomwe chidasankhidwiratu pasadakhale ndikuchiyika mu dongosolo la CNC. Tchulani nambala ya gulu mugawo lowongolera zida ndikugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la T mu pulogalamu yopangira makina kuti mubwezere zokhazo zomwe zidapatuka panjira ya chida. Kuyeza kwapang'onopang'ono kwa malo a chida kumafunikanso kukwaniritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida.
2. Njira yokhazikitsira mpeni
M'makina a CNC, njira zoyambira zopangira zida zimaphatikizapo njira yodulira, kuyika zida ndi kukhazikitsa zida zokha. Nkhaniyi akutenga CNC makina mphero monga chitsanzo atchule angapo ambiri ntchito njira zoikamo chida.
1. Mayesero kudula ndi mpeni kukhazikitsa njira
Njirayi ndi yophweka komanso yabwino, koma idzasiya zizindikiro zodula pamwamba pa workpiece ndipo imakhala ndi zida zochepa zokhazikika. Kutenga chida chokhazikitsa (chomwe chikugwirizana ndi chiyambi cha workpiece coordinate system) pakatikati pa workpiece pamwamba mwachitsanzo, njira yopangira zida ziwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
(1) Chida chokhazikitsa mu x ndi y mbali.
① Ikani chogwirira ntchito pa benchi yogwirira ntchito kudzera pazitsulo. Pothirira, payenera kukhala malo opangira zida kumbali zinayi za workpiece.
② Yambitsani spindle kuti muzungulire pa liwiro lapakati, sunthani chogwirira ntchito ndi spindle mwachangu, lolani chidacho kuti chisunthike pamalo pomwe pali mtunda wotetezeka pafupi ndi kumanzere kwa chogwiriracho, ndiyeno muchepetse liwiro ndikuyandikira kumanzere. mbali ya workpiece.
③ Mukayandikira chogwiriracho, gwiritsani ntchito kukonza bwino (nthawi zambiri 0.01mm) kuti muyandikire, ndipo chidacho chifike pang'onopang'ono kumanzere kwa chogwiriracho kuti chidacho chingokhudza mbali yakumanzere ya chogwiriracho (onani, mvetserani phokoso lodula, yang'anani zizindikiro zodulira, ndipo yang'anani tchipisi, bola ngati zinthu zitachitika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chidacho chimalumikizana ndi workpiece), ndiye bwererani 0.01mm. Lembani mtengo wogwirizanitsa womwe ukuwonetsedwa mu makina ogwirizanitsa makina panthawiyi, monga -240.500.
④Bwezerani chidacho molunjika z kupita pamwamba pa chogwiriracho. Gwiritsani ntchito njira yomweyo kuti muyandikire kumanja kwa workpiece. Zindikirani mtengo wogwirizanitsa womwe ukuwonetsedwa mu makina opangira zida zamakina panthawi ino, monga -340.500.
⑤Malingana ndi izi, mtengo wogwirizana wa chiyambi cha makina ogwiritsira ntchito makina opangira makina ndi {-240.500+(-340.500)}/2=-290.500.
⑥ Momwemonso, mtengo wogwirizanitsa wa chiyambi cha makina ogwiritsira ntchito makina opangira makina opangira makina amatha kuyesedwa.
(2) Chida chokhazikitsa njira z.
① Sunthani chidacho mwachangu pamwamba pa chogwirira ntchito.
② Yambitsani spindle kuti muzungulire pa liwiro laling'ono, sunthani chogwirira ntchito ndi spindle mwachangu, lolani chidacho kuti chisunthike pamalo oyandikira kumtunda kwa workpiece pamtunda wina wotetezeka, ndiyeno muchepetse liwiro kuti musunthire chida chomaliza. pafupi ndi pamwamba pa workpiece.
③ Mukayandikira workpiece, gwiritsani ntchito kukonza bwino (kawirikawiri 0.01mm) kuti muyandikire, kotero kuti mapeto a chidacho ayandikira pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pa workpiece (onani kuti pamene chida, makamaka mphero, ndi yabwino kwambiri kudula m'mphepete mwa workpiece, malo amene mapeto a wodula amalumikizana pamwamba pa workpiece Pasanathe semicircle, yesetsani kuti pakati dzenje la mphero kudula pansi pa workpiece), pangani mapeto nkhope ya chida ingokhudza pamwamba pa workpiece, ndiye kwezani olamulira kachiwiri, lembani z mtengo mu makina chida kugwirizana dongosolo pa nthawi ino, -140.400 , ndiye kugwirizana mtengo wa chiyambi W wa workpiece kugwirizana dongosolo. mu makina chida kugwirizana dongosolo ndi -140.400.
(3) Lowetsani miyezo ya x, y, z mu chida cha makina chogwirizira adilesi yosungira G5* (nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito ma code a G54~G59 kuti musunge zoikamo zida).
(4) Lowetsani njira yolowera pagulu (MDI), lowetsani "G5*", dinani batani loyambira (munjira yokhayo), ndikuyendetsa G5* kuti igwire ntchito.
(5) Onani ngati chidacho chili cholondola.
2. Feeler gauge, standard mandrel, block gauge chida chokhazikitsa njira
Njirayi ndi yofanana ndi njira yodulira zida zoyeserera, kupatula kuti spindle simazungulira panthawi yoyika zida. Gauge yowerengera (kapena standard mandrel kapena block gauge) imawonjezeredwa pakati pa chida ndi chogwirira ntchito. Choyezera chomverera sichingathe kuyenda momasuka. Samalani mawerengedwe. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma coordinates, makulidwe a geji yomverera iyenera kuchotsedwa. Chifukwa spindle safunikira kuzungulira podula, njira iyi sidzasiya zizindikiro pamwamba pa workpiece, koma chida chokhazikitsa molondola sichokwanira.
3. Gwiritsani ntchito zida monga zopeza m'mphepete, ndodo za eccentric, ndi ma axis setter kuti muyike chida.
Njira zogwirira ntchito ndizofanana ndi njira yokhazikitsira zida zoyeserera, kupatula kuti chidacho chimasinthidwa ndi chopeza m'mphepete kapena ndodo ya eccentric. Iyi ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri. Imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba ndipo imatha kutsimikizira kulondola kwa kukhazikitsa zida. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chofufumitsa m'mphepete, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chitsimikizidwe kuti gawo la mpira wachitsulo likukhudzana pang'ono ndi workpiece. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chogwirira ntchito chomwe chiyenera kukonzedwa chiyenera kukhala chowongolera bwino ndipo malo owonetsera malo ayenera kukhala okhwima bwino. Z-axis setter nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa (osalunjika) njira zokhazikitsira zida.
4. Njira yokhazikitsira mpeni (yosalunjika).
Kukonza chogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni wopitilira umodzi. Kutalika kwa mpeni wachiwiri ndi wosiyana ndi kutalika kwa mpeni woyamba. Iyenera kuyimitsidwanso. Komabe, nthawi zina zero point imasiyidwa ndipo zero sizingatengedwe mwachindunji, kapena zero point sizingatengedwe mwachindunji. Zimaloledwa kuwononga malo okonzedwa, ndipo pali zida zina kapena zochitika zomwe zimakhala zovuta kukhazikitsa chidacho. Pankhaniyi, njira yosinthira yosalunjika ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
(1) Mpeni woyamba
① Pa mpeni woyamba, gwiritsanibe ntchito njira yodulira, njira yoyezera, ndi zina zotero. Lembani chida cha makina chogwirizanitsa z1 cha chiyambi cha workpiece panthawiyi. Chida choyamba chikakonzedwa, siyani chopondera.
② Ikani choyikapo chida pamalo athyathyathya a makina ogwirira ntchito (monga malo akulu a vise).
③Mumawonekedwe am'manja, gwiritsani ntchito dzanja kusuntha benchi pamalo oyenera, sunthani chopondera pansi, kanikizani pamwamba pa choyimitsa zida ndi kumapeto kwa mpeni, ndipo cholozera choyimba chimazungulira, makamaka mkati mwa bwalo limodzi. Onani pansi pa axis panthawiyi. Khazikitsani mtengo wowonetsera wa setter ndikuchotsa ubale wolumikizana ndi ziro.
④ Kwezani spindle ndikuchotsa mpeni woyamba.
(2) Mpeni wachiwiri.
①Ikani mpeni wachiwiri.
② Mumayendedwe apamanja, sunthani chopondera pansi, kanikizani pamwamba pa choyikira zida ndi kumapeto kwa mpeni, cholozera cholumikizira chimazungulira, ndipo cholozeracho chimaloza ku malo omwewo A ngati mpeni woyamba.
③Lembani mtengo z0 wogwirizana ndi mgwirizano wa axis panthawiyi (ndi zizindikiro zabwino ndi zoipa).
④ Kwezani spindle ndikuchotsa choyika zida.
⑤Onjezani z0 (ndi chizindikiro chowonjezera kapena chochotsera) ku z1 yogwirizanitsa deta mu G5 * ya chida choyamba kuti mupeze mgwirizano watsopano.
⑥Kugwirizanitsa kwatsopano kumeneku ndiko kugwirizanitsa kwenikweni kwa chida cha makina chogwirizana ndi chiyambi cha chida chachiwiri. Lowetsani mu G5 * yogwirira ntchito ya chida chachiwiri. Mwanjira iyi, zero point ya chida chachiwiri imayikidwa. . Mipeni yotsalayo imayikidwa mofanana ndi mpeni wachiwiri.
Zindikirani: Ngati zida zingapo zimagwiritsa ntchito G5 * yomweyi, masitepe ⑤ ndi ⑥ amasinthidwa kuti asungidwe z0 muzotalikirapo za chida cha No.
5. Top mpeni kukhazikitsa njira
(1) Chida chokhazikitsa mu x ndi y mbali.
① Ikani chogwirira ntchito pazida zamakina zogwiritsiridwa ntchito kudzera pachimake ndikusintha ndi pakati.
② Sunthani chogwirira ntchito ndi spindle mwachangu kuti musunthire nsonga pafupi ndi chogwirira ntchito, pezani malo apakati a mzere wojambulira, ndikuchepetsa liwiro kuti musunthe nsonga pafupi nayo.
③ Gwiritsani ntchito kukonza bwino m'malo mwake, kuti nsongayo ifike pang'onopang'ono pakatikati pa mzere wojambulira mpaka nsonga yake igwirizane ndi malo apakati a mzere wojambulira. Onani pansi x ndi y kugwirizanitsa mfundo mu makina ogwirizanitsa makina panthawiyi.
(2) Chotsani pakati, ikani chodulira mphero, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zokhazikitsira zida monga njira yodulira, njira ya feeler gauge, etc. kuti mupeze z-axis coordinate value.
6. Dial indicator (kapena dial indicator) njira yokhazikitsira chida
Dial indicator (kapena dial indicator) njira yokhazikitsira zida (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa zida zozungulira)
(1) Chida chokhazikitsa mu x ndi y mbali.
Ikani ndodo yokwera ya chizindikiro choyimba pa chogwirira cha chida, kapena kuyika mpando wa maginito wa chizindikiro choyimba pa mkono wa spindle. Sunthani workbench kuti mzere wapakati wa spindle (ie, pakati pa chida) chimayenda pafupifupi pakati pa workpiece, ndi kusintha maginito mpando. Kutalika ndi ngodya ya telescopic ndodo ndizoti zomwe zimalumikizana ndi chizindikiro choyimba zimalumikizana ndi circumferential pamwamba pa workpiece. (Cholozera chimazungulira pafupifupi 0.1mm.) Pang'onopang'ono tembenuzirani chopondera ndi dzanja kuti zolumikizira za cholumikizira zizizungulira mozungulira mozungulira chogwiriracho. Yang'anirani Kuti muwone kusuntha kwa cholozera choyimba, sunthani pang'onopang'ono mzere wa benchi ndikubwereza kangapo. Pamene spindle imatembenuzidwa, cholozera choyimbira chimakhala pamalo omwewo (pamene mutu wa mita umazungulira kamodzi, kulumpha kwa cholozera kumakhala mkati mwa cholakwika chololeza chida, monga 0.02mm), zitha kuganiziridwa kuti Pakatikati pa nsongayo ndi nsonga ndi chiyambi cha nkhwangwayo.
(2) Chotsani chizindikiro choyimba ndikuyika chodulira mphero, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zokhazikitsira zida monga njira yodulira, njira ya feeler gauge, etc. kuti mupeze z-axis coordinate value.
7. Chida chokhazikitsa njira yokhala ndi zida zapadera
Njira yokhazikitsira zida zachikhalidwe imakhala ndi zofooka monga chitetezo choyipa (monga kuyika chida cha feeler gauge, nsonga ya chida imawonongeka mosavuta ndi kugunda kolimba), kutenga nthawi yambiri yamakina (monga kudula koyeserera, komwe kumafuna kudula mobwerezabwereza kangapo. ), ndi zolakwika zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi anthu. Izo zasinthidwa Popanda kayimbidwe ka CNC Machining, si koyenera kupereka sewero lathunthu ku ntchito za CNC makina zida.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera chokhazikitsira zida kumakhala ndi zabwino zake pakukhazikitsa zida zapamwamba, kuchita bwino kwambiri, komanso chitetezo chabwino. Imathandizira kuyika zida zotopetsa zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zokumana nazo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida zamakina za CNC zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso zolondola kwambiri. Chakhala chida chapadera chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa zida pamakina opangira CNC.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-01-2023
