15. Kodi ntchito yaikulu ya ufa wowotcherera mpweya ndi chiyani?
Ntchito yaikulu ya ufa wowotcherera ndi kupanga slag, yomwe imagwirizana ndi zitsulo zachitsulo kapena zonyansa zopanda zitsulo mu dziwe losungunuka kuti lipange slag yosungunuka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, slag yosungunuka yomwe imapangidwa imaphimba pamwamba pa dziwe losungunuka ndipo imalekanitsa dziwe losungunuka kuchokera mumlengalenga, motero kulepheretsa chitsulo chosungunula chitha kukhala oxidized pa kutentha kwakukulu.
16. Kodi njira zopewera kutsekemera kwa weld mu kuwotcherera kwa arc ndi ziti?
yankho:
(1) Ndodo yowotcherera ndi zotuluka ziyenera kukhala zowuma ndikuwumitsidwa molingana ndi malamulo musanagwiritse ntchito;
(2) Pamwamba pa mawaya owotcherera ndi zowotcherera ziyenera kukhala zoyera komanso zopanda madzi, mafuta, dzimbiri, ndi zina.
(3) Molondola kusankha kuwotcherera specifications, monga kuwotcherera panopa sayenera kukhala lalikulu kwambiri, liwiro kuwotcherera ayenera kukhala yoyenera, etc.;
(4) Gwiritsani ntchito njira zowotcherera zolondola, gwiritsani ntchito ma elekitirodi amchere pakuwotcherera kwa arc m'manja, kuwotcherera kwa arc kwakanthawi, kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa ma elekitirodi, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa ndodo, kuwongolera arc arc kuyambira ndi kutseka, etc.;
(5) Kuwongolera kusiyana kwa ma weldments kusakhale kwakukulu;
(6) Osagwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi omwe zokutira zake zimang'ambika, zosenda, zonyowa, zowoneka bwino kapena zokhala ndi zingwe zowotcherera.
17. Kodi njira zazikulu zopewera mawanga oyera powotcherera chitsulo ndi chiyani?
yankho:
(1) Gwiritsani ntchito ndodo zowotcherera graphitized, ndiko kuti, gwiritsani ntchito ndodo zowotcherera zitsulo zokhala ndi zinthu zambiri za graphitizing (monga mpweya, silicon, ndi zina) zomwe zimawonjezedwa ku utoto kapena waya wowotcherera, kapena gwiritsani ntchito faifi tambala komanso zamkuwa. ndodo zowotcherera chitsulo;
(2) Preheat pamaso kuwotcherera, kusunga kutentha pa kuwotcherera, ndi pang'onopang'ono kuzirala pambuyo kuwotcherera kuchepetsa kuzirala wa zone kuwotcherera, kuwonjezera nthawi maphatikizidwe zone ali mu red-hot boma, mokwanira graphitize, ndi kuchepetsa nkhawa matenthedwe;
(3) Gwiritsani ntchito njira yowotcha.
18. Fotokozani ntchito ya flux powotcherera?
Mu kuwotcherera, flux ndiye chinthu chachikulu kuonetsetsa kuti kuwotcherera khalidwe. Lili ndi ntchito zotsatirazi:
(1) Flux ikasungunuka, imayandama pamwamba pa chitsulo chosungunula kuteteza dziwe losungunuka ndi kuteteza kukokoloka ndi mpweya woipa wa mumlengalenga.
(2) Flux ili ndi ntchito za deoxidizing ndi alloying, ndipo imagwirizana ndi waya wowotcherera kuti apeze zofunikira za mankhwala ndi makina a zitsulo zowotcherera.
(3) Pangani weld bwino.
(4) Chepetsani kuzizira kwachitsulo chosungunuka ndikuchepetsa zolakwika monga pores ndi slag inclusions.
(5) Pewani kuwotcherera, chepetsani kutayika, komanso konzani zowotcherera.
19. Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza makina owotcherera a AC arc?
(1) Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwotcherera komweko komanso kutalika kwa nthawi ya makina owotcherera, ndipo musachulukitse.
(2) Makina owotchera saloledwa kufupikitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
(3) Mphamvu yowongolera iyenera kuyendetsedwa popanda katundu.
(4) Nthawi zonse fufuzani mawaya, ma fuse, maziko, njira zosinthira, ndi zina zotero ndipo onetsetsani kuti zili bwino.
(5) Sungani makina owotcherera kuti akhale oyera, owuma komanso olowera mpweya kuti fumbi ndi mvula zisalowe.
(6) Ikani mokhazikika ndikudula magetsi pambuyo pomaliza ntchito.
(7) Makina owotcherera amayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi.
20. Kodi kuopsa kwa brittle fracture ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Chifukwa chakuti brittle fracture imachitika mwadzidzidzi ndipo sichingadziwike ndi kutetezedwa pakapita nthawi, ikangochitika, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri, osati kungoyambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma, komanso kuyika moyo wa munthu pangozi. Chifukwa chake, kuwonongeka kwazinthu zowotcherera ndi vuto lomwe liyenera kuganiziridwa mozama.
21. Makhalidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka kupopera mankhwala a plasma?
Yankho: Makhalidwe a kupopera mankhwala a plasma ndikuti kutentha kwa lawi la plasma ndikwambiri ndipo kumatha kusungunula pafupifupi zida zonse zokanira, kotero zimatha kupopera pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kuthamanga kwamoto wa plasma ndikwambiri ndipo mphamvu yothamangitsa tinthu ndi yabwino, kotero mphamvu yomangira yomata ndiyokwera kwambiri. Ili ndi ntchito zambiri ndipo ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopopera zinthu zosiyanasiyana za ceramic.
22. Kodi ndondomeko yokonzekera ndondomeko yowotcherera ndi yotani?
Yankho: Pulogalamu yokonzekera ndondomeko yowotcherera khadi iyenera kupeza ndondomeko yowotcherera yomwe ikugwirizana ndi zojambulazo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zojambulazo, zojambula zamagulu ndi zofunikira zawo zamakono, ndikujambula chojambula chosavuta; Nambala ya khadi yowotcherera, nambala yojambulira, dzina lolumikizana, Nambala Yophatikiza, nambala yoyenerera yowotcherera ndi zinthu zotsimikizira zowotcherera;
Konzani ndondomeko yowotcherera potengera kuwunika kwa njira yowotcherera ndi mikhalidwe yeniyeni yopanga, zinthu zaukadaulo ndi zinachitikira kupanga; konzani magawo enieni a ndondomeko yowotcherera potengera kuwunika kwa njira yowotcherera; dziwani bungwe loyang'anira zinthu, njira yoyendera, ndi chiŵerengero choyendera kutengera zomwe zimafunikira pakujambula kwazinthu ndi milingo yazogulitsa. .
23. Kodi nchifukwa ninji tifunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa silicon ndi manganese ku waya wowotcherera wa mpweya wa carbon dioxide wotetezedwa ndi kuwotcherera?
Yankho: Carbon dioxide ndi mpweya wotulutsa okosijeni. Panthawi yowotcherera, zitsulo zowotcherera zidzawotchedwa, potero kuchepetsa kwambiri makina a weld. Pakati pawo, makutidwe ndi okosijeni amayambitsa pores ndi spatter. Onjezani silicon ndi manganese ku waya wowotcherera. Lili ndi mphamvu ya deoxidizing ndipo imatha kuthetsa mavuto a kuwotcherera makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi sipatter.
24. Kodi zosakaniza zoyaka moto zimatha kuphulika bwanji, ndipo ndi zinthu ziti zimene zimakhudza zimenezi?
Yankho: Zomwe zimapangidwira zomwe zimayaka mpweya, nthunzi kapena fumbi zomwe zili muzosakaniza zoyaka zimatchedwa malire a kuphulika.
Malire apansi a ndende amatchedwa malire apansi a kuphulika, ndipo malire apamwamba a ndende amatchedwa malire a kuphulika kwapamwamba. Kuphulika kwa malire kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kutentha, kuthamanga, mpweya wa okosijeni, ndi m'mimba mwake. Pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, malire a kuphulika amachepetsa; pamene kupanikizika kumawonjezeka, malire a kuphulika amachepetsanso; pamene ndende ya okosijeni mu mpweya wosakaniza ukuwonjezeka, m'munsi kuphulika malire amachepetsa. Kwa fumbi loyaka moto, malire ake a kuphulika amakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kubalalikana, chinyezi, ndi kutentha.
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Yankho: (1) Powotcherera, zowotcherera sayenera kukhudza mbali zachitsulo, kuyimirira pamphasa zotetezera mphira kapena kuvala nsapato zotetezera mphira, ndi kuvala zovala zouma zogwirira ntchito.
(2) Pakhale mlonda kunja kwa chidebecho amene angathe kuona ndi kumva ntchito ya wowotcherera, ndi chosinthira kuti adule magetsi molingana ndi chizindikiro cha wowotcherera.
(3) Magetsi a magetsi a mumsewu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makontena asapitirire 12 volts. Chigoba cha thiransifoma chonyamulika chiyenera kukhala chokhazikika, ndipo ma autotransformers saloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(4) Transformers kwa nyali kunyamula ndi kuwotcherera thiransifoma saloledwa kunyamulidwa mu boilers ndi zitsulo zotengera.
26. Kodi tingasiyanitse bwanji kuwotcherera ndi kuwotcherera? Kodi aliyense ali ndi makhalidwe otani?
Yankho: Makhalidwe a fusion kuwotcherera ndi kugwirizana kwa ma atomu pakati pa mbali zowotcherera, pamene brazing imagwiritsa ntchito sing'anga yapakatikati yokhala ndi malo otsika osungunuka kuposa zigawo zowotcherera - zowonongeka kuti zigwirizane ndi zowotcherera.
Ubwino wa kuwotcherera maphatikizidwe ndikuti zida zamakina a olowa wowotcherera ndizokwera, ndipo zokolola zikamalumikiza zigawo zazikulu ndi zazikulu ndizokwera. Choyipa ndichakuti kupsinjika ndi kusinthika komwe kumapangidwa kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kusintha kwamapangidwe kumachitika m'malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha;
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Ubwino wa brazing ndi kutentha kochepa, kutentha, zosalala, maonekedwe okongola, kupsinjika pang'ono ndi kusinthika. Zoyipa za brazing ndizochepa mphamvu zolumikizirana komanso zofunikira pakusokonekera kwakukulu pakusonkhana.
27. Mpweya wa carbon dioxide ndi mpweya wa argon onse ndi mpweya woteteza. Chonde fotokozani katundu ndi ntchito zawo?
Yankho: Carbon dioxide ndi mpweya wotulutsa okosijeni. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpweya woteteza m'dera lakuwotcherera, amathira mwamphamvu madontho ndi zitsulo mu dziwe losungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu za alloy. Kuthekera kwake ndi koyipa, ndipo pores ndi splashes zazikulu zidzapangidwa.
Choncho, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwotcherera otsika mpweya zitsulo ndi otsika aloyi zitsulo pakali pano, ndipo si oyenera kuwotcherera mkulu aloyi zitsulo ndi zitsulo sanali ferrous, makamaka zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Popeza zidzachititsa carbonization wa weld ndi kuchepetsa kukana intercrystalline dzimbiri, ntchito Pezani zochepa.
Argon ndi gasi wa inert. Chifukwa sichimakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala ndi chitsulo chosungunuka, mankhwala a weld sasintha. Ubwino wa weld pambuyo kuwotcherera ndi wabwino. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera zitsulo zosiyanasiyana za aloyi, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri komanso zitsulo zopanda chitsulo. Chifukwa Mtengo wa argon ukuchepa pang'onopang'ono, motero umagwiritsidwanso ntchito mochulukirapo pakuwotcherera zitsulo zofatsa.
28. Kufotokoza weldability ndi kuwotcherera makhalidwe 16Mn zitsulo?
Yankho: Chitsulo cha 16Mn chimachokera ku Q235A chitsulo chokhala ndi pafupifupi 1% Mn yowonjezera, ndipo chofanana ndi mpweya ndi 0.345% ~ 0.491%. Choncho, ntchito kuwotcherera ndi bwino.
Komabe, chizolowezi chowumitsa ndi chachikulu pang'ono kuposa cha Q235A chitsulo. Pamene kuwotcherera ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono ndi kuwotcherera yaing'ono akudutsa lalikulu makulidwe ndi lalikulu okhwima dongosolo, ming'alu zikhoza kuchitika, makamaka kuwotcherera pansi otsika kutentha. Pankhaniyi, njira zoyenera zingatengedwe musanayambe kuwotcherera. kutentha kwapansi.
Pamene kuwotcherera arc dzanja, ntchito E50 kalasi maelekitirodi; pamene kuwotcherera arc basi kumizidwa sikutanthauza beveling, mungagwiritse ntchito H08MnA kuwotcherera waya ndi flux 431; potsegula ma bevel, gwiritsani ntchito waya wowotcherera wa H10Mn2 wokhala ndi flux 431; mukamagwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwa mpweya wa CO2, gwiritsani ntchito waya wowotcherera H08Mn2SiA Kapena H10MnSi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-06-2023
